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Biomedical devices > Blood and urine > Flashcards

Blood and urine Flashcards

1
Q

What are top tests that are very common?

A

Alanine aminotransferase
urinalysis
creatinine
CMP
CBC
BUN

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2
Q

What does CBC measure?

A

7 blood components like Hb/Hct, WBCs & platelets

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3
Q

What are 3 advantages of CBC?

A

no special prep
small sample
can detect 7 different conditions

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4
Q

What is a limitation of CBC?

A

may not offer a definitive diagnosis

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5
Q

What are 2 improved devices for blood sampling?

A

Tasso SST
Neoteryx mitra finger prick

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6
Q

How do these two devices improve blood sampling?

A

prepared without anticoagulation
allowing immediate separation of serum for antibody/other testing

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7
Q

What does the HbA1C test look at?

A

Glycosylated Hb -> monitoring diabetes

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8
Q

What does HbA1C measure?

A

Average level of plasma glucose over previous 2-3 months -> indicates long-term glucose levels & indicates glycaemic control

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9
Q

What are 2 other key tests for diabetes?

A

Fasting plasma glucose
oral glucose tolerance

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10
Q

What are 4 ELISAs?

A

direct
Indirect
Sandwich (most common)
Competitive

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11
Q

What does the ELISA measure?

A

Conc. of antigen/protein based on antibody binding that produces chemiluminescence

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12
Q

What are 2 immune responses to viruses?

A

IgG - general
IgM - mucosal cells

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13
Q

What 3 micronutrients were found to be associated with COVId-19?

A

Selenium
Zinc
Copper

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14
Q

What is an example of genetic mutation testing of germline DNA?

A

BRCA

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15
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of BRCA?

A

Autosomal dominant

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16
Q

What is the diagnostic test for Down’s Syndrome?

A

circulating DNA (cfDNA)

17
Q

What 2 tests have a high risk of killing the fetus?

A

Aminocentesis
Chorionic villus sampling

18
Q

What is the biomarker for Down’s Syndrome?

A

Trisomy 21

19
Q

What does cfDNA look at?

A

Fragments from specific chromosomes

20
Q

What type of technology is cfDNA test?

A

Microarray based technology

21
Q

What is centogene?

A

world’s largest rae disease bio/data bank

22
Q

What is Freenome?

A

Routine blood draw for early cancer detection -> multidimensional view of both tumour & immune-derived signatures

23
Q

What does the All of Us database showing?

A

Risk factors for certain diseases
figure out which treatments work best for people of different backgrounds
connect people with right studies

24
Q

What are urinanalysis test strips?

A

Reagent strips for detection of key diagnostic chemical markers

25
Q

What are biomarkers on the urinanalysis test strips?

A

Glucose
Protein
pH
Leukocytes
Blood
Uribilinogen

26
Q

What do pregnancy tests look at?

A

Checks a woman’s urine for human chorionic gonadotropin

27
Q

How many antibodies does the pregnancy test look at?

A

2 mouse
goat
2 hCG antibodies in test region (1 free 1 bound)

28
Q

What is plasmodium falciparum?

A

Unicellular protozoan parasite of humans causing malaria

29
Q

How does the urine malaria test work?

A

Immunochromatographic lateral flow assay - monoclonal antibody detection of sheded proteins

30
Q

How is Mycobacterium tuberculosis tested in urine?

A

Lateral flow Lipoarabinomannan test trip in HIV-infected patients

31
Q

How is urine used to detect prostrate cancer?

A

Progensa PCA3 test

32
Q

How does the Progensa PCA3 test work?

A

non-coding mRNA elevated in ~90% of men with PCA -> nucleic acid from urine sediment is isolated & PCA3 expression quantified

33
Q

What is the miProstrate Score?

A

Multiplex analysis of T2-ERG gene fusion, PCA3 & serum PSA

Biomedical devices (14 decks)

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