Toxicology And Drug Safety Flashcards

1
Q

What is the benefit : risk ratio ?

A

A way to see if you should test the drug

The benefit the medicine will bring to the patient vs the risk of adverse drug reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are patient considerations when prescribing a drug ?

A

The population size
The symptoms the drug will elevate
The impact of the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are medicine considerations when prescribing a drug ?

A
  • how can the drug be prescribed
  • what is the intended therapeutic effect
  • what are the accets adverse effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an acceptable margin each drug will depend on ?

A
  • risk : benefti ratio

- the therapeutic area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can cause drugs to have an adverse effect ?

A
  • direct damage to DNA
  • leads to abnormal apoptosis or necrosis of cell
  • can lead to tumours, organ damage etc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can be other reasons for drugs to have adverse effects ?

A

Can have a direct effect on an unintended molecular target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an intended target / on target effect ?

A

The protein we want the medicine to interact with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a unintended target ? 

A

Other sites that the drug may bind to

Need to make sure they stick less tightly to unintended proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can a drug go from being therapeutic to eliciting an adverse drug reaction?

A

Drug overdose
Drug side-effects
Drug interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a drug overdose

A

Toxic reactions linked to excess dose or impaired excretion or to both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an adverse drug side-effect

A

Undesirable pharmacological affect at recommended doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is meant by drug interaction

A

The action of a drug on the effectiveness or toxicity of another drug 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can influence adverse drug reactions

A
Age 
Disease 
Pregnancy 
Genetics 
Diet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three stages of drug discovery

A

Hits
Lead identification
Candidate optimisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three stages of drug development

A

Preclinical development
Clinical development
Post marketing surveillance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens in drug discovery

A

Identified a lead candid it jog from thousands of compounds
Does it hit the right target
What are the initial warning signs for adverse effects

17
Q

What safety assessment takes place in drug discovery

A

Identifying the risks and pulling out high-risk compounds

18
Q

What safety assessment takes place in pre-clinical development pipeline

A

Confirming the safety/toxicity profile

19
Q

What are some examples of regulators involved in pre-clinical data

A

FDA
European medicines agency
MHRA