Liver And Gallbladder Flashcards
What are the primary functions of the liver ?
- protein metabolism
- carbohydrate metabolism
- fat metabolism
- storage
- detoxification
- secretion
- resisting infections
How does the liver preform protein metabolism?
- synthesis non essential amino acids
- produces plasma proteins that transport lipids and iron
What are some example of plasma proteins ?
- albumin
- clotting factors
How does the liver metabolise carbohydrates?
- converts carbohydrates proteins into fatty acids and triglycerides
- regulates blood glucose conc
How does the liver metabolise fat ?
Synthesises cholestrol, phospholipids and plasma lipoprotein
What does the liver store ?
Iron
Vitamins
Glycogen
How does the liver detoxify the body ?
- deamination of amino acids to ammonia - urea
- detoxify steroid hormones and lipid soluble drugs
- metabolises alcohol
- clears bilirubin
What does the liver secrete ?
Bile
Where is the liver located ?
- upper right of abdominal cavity
- beneath diaphragm over the stomach, pancreas, intestines and right kidney
How is the liver divided ?
- into left and right lobes of 8 segments containing lobules
What protects the liver lobules ?
Gissons capsule
Acts as fibroelastic connective tissue to support lobules
What supplies the liver with blood ?
- hepatic artery
- hepatic portal vein
What does the hepatic portal vein bring ?
- substances absorbed by Gi tract
- acts as metabolic regulator of body
What does the hepatic artery bring ?
- oxygenated blood
What supplys the lobules of the liver ?
- terminal branches of the hepatic artery + hepatic vein
How does blood leave the liver ?
- collected by terminal hepatic venule
- coalesce to form left and right hepatic veins that join IVC
What are sinusoids ?
- how the blood flows through the liver
- walls of discontinous fenestrated epithelium
What is the space of DIsse
Narrow space between endothelial lining cells of sinusoids and hepatocytes
What are Kupffer cells?
Where are they found ?
- phagocytic macrophages
- located in inner sinusoidal walls
What do the Kupffer cells do ?
Remove worn erythrocytes and debris
What do stellate cells do ?
- produce ECM
- support hepatocytes and sinusoids
What is bile ?
- emulsifying agent
- facilitates breakdown of lipids + fat soluble vitamins
What is bile synthesised from ?
Cholestrol and bilirubin
Where does bile collect ?
- in canaliculi between hepatocytes
Describe the route of bile :
- collect in bile canaliculi
- drains into canal of hering
- enters bile ductules of triads
- stored in gall bladder via cystic duct
What is the function of the gall bladder ?
Store and concentrate bile
How does the gallbladder concentrate bile ?
Pumps NaCl creating osmotic gradient
How is bile released from the gall bladder ?
- CCK cause smooth muscle of gall bladder to contract
- ble enter duodenum via cystic duct and common bile duct - controleed by sphincter of Oddi
