toxicities and specific antidotes Flashcards
antidote for acetaminophen
N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione0
antidote for organophosphates
atropine > pralidoxime
antidote for amphetamines
NH4Cl to acidify the urine
antidote for antimuscarinics or anticholinergics
physostigmine
antidote for benzodiazepines
flumazenil
antidote for beta blockers
glucagon
antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning
100% O2, hyperbaric oxygen
antidote for copper or arsenic
penicillamine
antidote for cyanide (almond breath)
nitrite + thiosulfate or hydroxcobalamin
antidote for digitalis
anti-dig Fab fragments
antidote for heparin
protamine sulfate
antidote for iron
DeFeroxamine or deferasirox
antidote for lead
EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
antidote for mercury or arsenic or gold
dimercaprol or succimer
antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol
fomepizole or dialysis
antidote for methemagolbin
methylene blue or vitamin C
antidote for TCAs
sodium bicarb
antidote for warfarin
Vitamin K for delayed effect, fresh frozen plasma for immediate
tPA/streptokinase urokinase e
aminocaproic acid
when do we not give beta blockers
avoid in cocaine users and pheochromocytoma.
what does cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning look like
DUMBBELSS
diarrhea, urination, miosis bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of skeletal muscle, lacrimation, sweating, salivation.
what is the most common cause cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
organophosphates
what is the antidote to cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning or organophosphates
atropine and or pralidoxime.
what does atropine toxicity look like
HOT as a hare DRY as a bone RED as a beat BLIND as a bat MAD as a hatter increased body temperature, rapid pulse, dry mouth, flushed skin, cycloplegia, constipation, disorientation
what can atropine do in the elderly
cause acute angle closure glaucoma. due to mydriasis.
what is the antidote for atropine tox
physostigmine
