antiinfectives Flashcards
what drug can we combine with penicillins to make them more effective
clavulanic acid which is a b-lactamase inhibitor.
what do we use penicillin for (which grams)
gram +/- and spirochetes.
what species is covered by penicillin
s. pneumonae, s. pyogenes, actinomyces,
N. meningitidis, and T. pallidum (syphilis).
what are the SE of the penicillins
hemolytic anemia and hypersensitivity
what are the aminopenicillins used for (amoxicillin, ampicillin)
wider spectrum. can cover E coli, H pylori, H flu, listeria proteus, salmonella, shigella, and enterococci
what are the SE of the aminopenicilins
hypersensitivity and rash, pseudomembranous colitis (c diff)
what is covered by the penicilinase-resistant penicillins (oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin)
mostly used for staph aureus
what are piperacillin and Ticarcillin used for
antipseudomonals
what are the first generation cephalosporins used for
gram positive cocci such as H flu, enterobacter, klebsiella, and staph aureus PEcK
what are the first generation cephalosporins
cephazolin and cefalexin
what are the second generation cephalosporins
cefoxitin, cefaclor, cefuroxime.
what are the second generation used for
gram positive cocci such as H flu, enterobacter, neisseria spec, proteus, e coli, klebsiella. serratia HENPEcKS
what are the third gen cephalosporins
ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime
what are third gen cephalosporins used for
ceftriaxone is the most useful –minigitis gonorrhea, disseminated Lyme disease.
ceftazidime –pseudomonal
what are the fourth gen cephalosporins
cefepime
what are the fourth gen cephalosporins used for
gram negative organisms and pseudomonas.
what are the fifth generation cephalosporins
ceftaroline
what are the fifth gen cephalosporins used for
brand gram +/- coverage including MRSA. BUT NO PSEUDOMONAS.
what are the carbapenems
imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem and doripenem
In general what are the carbapenems used for
gram + cocci and gram negative rods and anaerobes. wide spectrum.
what are the risks of the carbapenems
seizures at high doses.
what specifically are carbapenems used for
ertapenem can be intraabdominal infections community acquired. the rest can be used for community and hospital acquired intaabdominal infections. They have some antipseudomonal coverage as well.
complicated UTIs. e coli that is resistant to levofloxacin
pneumonia. merapenem and imipenem are first-line agents for late-onset HAP or when pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, or enterobactericeace are suspected. they are commonly used against CAP strep pneumonae, H flu.
what are the contraindications for carbapenems
if prior reactions to beta-lactams and in people taking valproic acid.
what is vancomycin used for
MRSA, C diff, strep. epidermidis
