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Step 1 > Toxicities and Antidotes > Flashcards

Toxicities and Antidotes Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

Note that NAPQ1 is the metabolite made from acetaminophen and increased amounts are damaging to hepatocytes. NAPQ1 is conjugated by glutathione.

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2
Q

Salicylates (aspirin)

A

NaHCO3 (alkalinize the urine), dialysis

Symptoms of aspirin OD: N/V, dizziness, tinnitus

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3
Q

Amphetamines (basic)

A

NH4Cl (acidify the urine)

Symptoms of Amphetamine OD: meth mouth

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4
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, organophosphates

A

Atropine, Pralidoxime

Symptoms of OD: DUMBBELSS

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5
Q

Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents

A

Physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia

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6
Q

Beta blockers and Verapamil

A

Glucagon (increases cAMP in the myocardium)

Symptoms of OD: bradycardia

Atropine would increase HR

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7
Q

Digitalis

A

Normalize K+, Lidocaine, Anti-dig Fab fragments, Magnesium

Digitalis OD causes arrhythmia

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8
Q

Iron

A

Deferoxamine, deferasirox

How do you get iron poisoning? Frequent transfusions

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9
Q

Lead

A

Calcium EDTA, Dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine

Symptoms of Lead OD: developmental delay, nonspecific GI symptoms

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10
Q

Mercury, arsenic, gold

A

Dimercaprol (BAL), succimer

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11
Q

Copper, arsenic, gold

A

penicillamine

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12
Q

Cyanide

A

Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin

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13
Q

Methemoglobin

A

Methylene blue, vitamin C

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14
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

100% O2, hyperbaric O2

How do you get Carbon monoxide OD? Kerosene lamps, heaters, stoves

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15
Q

Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)

A

Fomepizole > ethanol, dialysis

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16
Q

Opioids

A

Naloxone, Naltrexone

17
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Flumazenil

18
Q

TCAs

A

NaHCO3 (plasma alkalinization)

19
Q

Heparin

A

Protamine

20
Q

Warfarin

A

Vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma

21
Q

tPA, streptokinase, urokinase

A

Aminocaproic Acid

22
Q

Theophylline

A

Beta blocker

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