Rapid-Fire Facts Flashcards
Most common cause of neural tube defects
Folate deficiency
Most common cause of congenital malformations in the US
Alcohol use during pregnancy
Most common cause of congenital intellectual disability in the US
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
Marfan syndrome
Hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
Alport syndrome
“can’t see, can’t pee, can’t hear high C”
Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead
Bells palsy CNVII lesion
Ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis
Horner syndrome
“worst headache of my life”
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Lucid interval following head trauma
Epidural hematoma
Bloody CSF on lumbar puncture
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Most common cause of subdural hematoma
Rupture of bridging veins
Most common cause of epidural hematoma
Rupture of middle meningeal artery
Treatment for absence seizures
Ethosuximide
Treatment for tonic-clonic seizures
Phenytoin, valproic acid, carbamazepine
Toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument
Babinski reflex
upward going = positive
Hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, and positive Babinski sign
UMN lesion
hyporeflexia, decreased muscle tone, and muscle atrophy
LMN lesion
Depigmentation of substantia nigra
Parkinson Disease
Chorea, dementia, and atrophy of the caudate and putamen
Huntington disease
Eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of neurons
Lewy bodies
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Degeneration of the dorsal columns
Tabes dorsalis
Demyelinating disease in a young woman
multiple sclerosis
Mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease
ALS
newborn with arm paralysis following a difficult labor
Erb-duchenne palsy
most common cause of dementia
Alzheimer disease
Second most common cause of dementia
multi-infarct dementia
extracellular amyloid deposits in the grey matter
Alzheimer disease - amyloid plaques
Intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
Alzheimer disease - neurofibrillary tangles
Intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen on silver stain
Pick diease
Amyloid deposits in gray matter of the brain
Alzheimers disease - senile plauques
Drooling farmer
Organophosphate poisoning
Medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
alpha antagonist like phenoxybenazmine
selective alpha-1 antagonist used to treat BPH
Tamsulosin
What receptors have a Gq mechanism?
Cutsies HAVe 1 M&M
Qc H1, A1, V1, M1 M3
What receptors have a Gi mechanism?
MAD 2s
M2, A2, D2
What receptors have a Gs mechanism?
B1, B2, D1, H2, V2
Continuous machinery-like heart murmur
PDA
Boot shaped heart
Tetrology of Fallot
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
Most common congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
Most common congenital cause of early cyanosis
Tetrology of Fallot
Bounding pulses, head-bobbing, diastolic murmur
Aortic regurgitation
Chest pain, pericardial friction rub, and persistent fever occurring several weeks after an MI
Dressler Syndrome
Splinter hemorrhages under the fingernails
Infective endocarditis
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roth spots (infective endocarditis)
Heat valve most commonly involved in infective endocarditis
Mitral valve
Heart valve most commonly involved in an IV drug user with infective endocarditis
Tricuspid valve
Granulomatous nodules in the heart
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic heart disease)
Most common primary cardiac tumor in children
Rhabdomyoma
Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults
Left atrial myxoma
Most common cause of constrictive pericarditis
in the US - Lupus
in developing countries - TB
Cold, pale painful digits
Raynaud phenomenon
c-ANCA
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
p-ANCA
Microscopic polyangiitis, Churg Strauss
Treatment for Buerger disease
Stop smoking!
Treatment for temporal arteritis
High dose steroids
Bone enlargement (hat doesn’t fit anymore), bone pain, arthritis
Paget disease of the bone
Vertebral compression fractures
Osteoporosis
Positive anterior drawer sign
ACL injury
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
Osteoarthritis
Swollen, boggy, painful finger joints
Rheumatoid arthritis
Cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath (eburnation of the bone)
Osteoarthritis
Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
Gout
Positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals
Pseudogout
Negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals
Gout
Bamboo spine on x-ray
Ankylosing spondylitis
HLA-B27
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies
Anti-smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies
Lupus
Anti-histone antibodies
drug induced lupus
Anti-centromere antibodies
CREST syndrome
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
Anti-Jo-1 antibodies
Polymyositis
Anti-Ro antibodies
Sjogren syndrome
Facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young woman
Lupus
Arthritis, dry mouth, and dry eyes
Sjogren syndrome
Most common cause of death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy/nephritis
Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
Most common malignant skin tumor
Basal cell carcinoma
Most common cancer in men
Prostate cancer
Most common cause of urinary obstruction in men
BPH
Most common treatment for erectile dysfunction
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor (Sildenafil)
Dysplastic cervical cells with enlarged, dark nuclei
Koilocytes (HPV infection)
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
Most common tumor in women
Leiomyoma
Most common gynecological malignancy in the US
Endometrial carcinoma
Most common gynecological malignancy worldwide
Cervical cancer
Chocolate cyst of the ovary
Endometriosis
Most common benign ovarian tumor
Serous cystadenoma
Most common malignant ovarian tumor
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (Granulosa-Theca cell tumors
Most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Trisomy 21 (Down)
Second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Fragile X Syndrome
Horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, and cystic hygroma
Turner syndrome
Rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput and small jaw
Trisomy 18 (Edward syndrome)
Most common cancer in women in the US
Breast cancer
Most common benign breast tumor
Fibroadenoma
Most common malignant breast tumor
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
Blue dome cyst in the breast
Fibrocystic change
Treatment for ER(+) breast cancer
Tamoxifen
Red, itchy, swollen rash on the areola and nipple
Paget Disease
Branching, filamentous Gram (+) rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
Food poisoning due to exotoxin
Staph aureus and B cereus
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
Most common medication used for UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
Most common bacteria in a patient with a struvite kidney stone
Proteus (may be staph)
Standard treatment with T. pallidum
Penicillin G
Cellulitis from a dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
A non-painful, indurated ulcerated genital lesion
Chancre of primary syphilis
Moist, smooth, flat white genital lesion
condyloma lata of secondary syphilis
Large bull’s eye rash
Erythema migrans due to Lyme disease
Calcified granuloma in the lung, plus hilar lymphadenopathy
Ghon complex
Back pain, fever, night sweats and weight loss
Pott’s disease
Standard treatment regimen for TB
RIPE - Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, ethambutol
most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in neonates
Group B strep
Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in children
Strep penumo, N. meningitidis
Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in adults
Strep pneumo
Osteomyelitis in an IV drug user
Staph aureus, pseudomonas
Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient
Salmonella
Most common reportable STD
Chlamydia
Non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion with exudate
Chancroid
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells on a wet prep of vaginal discharge
Clue cells in Bacterial vaginosis
Common treatment for syphilis
Penicillin G
Common treatment for Trichomonas
Metronidazole
Common treatment for Chlamydia
Doxycycline or Azithromycin
Common treatment for gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
