Rapid-Fire Facts Flashcards
Most common cause of neural tube defects
Folate deficiency
Most common cause of congenital malformations in the US
Alcohol use during pregnancy
Most common cause of congenital intellectual disability in the US
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
Marfan syndrome
Hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
Alport syndrome
“can’t see, can’t pee, can’t hear high C”
Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead
Bells palsy CNVII lesion
Ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis
Horner syndrome
“worst headache of my life”
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Lucid interval following head trauma
Epidural hematoma
Bloody CSF on lumbar puncture
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Most common cause of subdural hematoma
Rupture of bridging veins
Most common cause of epidural hematoma
Rupture of middle meningeal artery
Treatment for absence seizures
Ethosuximide
Treatment for tonic-clonic seizures
Phenytoin, valproic acid, carbamazepine
Toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument
Babinski reflex
upward going = positive
Hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, and positive Babinski sign
UMN lesion
hyporeflexia, decreased muscle tone, and muscle atrophy
LMN lesion
Depigmentation of substantia nigra
Parkinson Disease
Chorea, dementia, and atrophy of the caudate and putamen
Huntington disease
Eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of neurons
Lewy bodies
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Degeneration of the dorsal columns
Tabes dorsalis
Demyelinating disease in a young woman
multiple sclerosis
Mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease
ALS