Toxic Gases Flashcards

1
Q

What metabolic disturbance happens with ammonia poisoning?

A

Alkalosis with compensatory acidosis

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2
Q

T/F ammonia increases the ability to clear bacteria from the lungs

A

False

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3
Q

Ammonia mechanism of action

A

Inhibits the TCA cycle, death due to asphyxia/edema and metabolic disturbances

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4
Q

Do you see red mucous membranes with ammonia?

A

Si

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5
Q

Ammonia tx?

A

Remove source, ointment to help MM, diuretics (edema)

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6
Q

What is the most dangerous sewage gas?

A

Hydrogen sulfide

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7
Q

What has is colorless and smells like rotten eggs?

A

Hydrogen sulfide

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8
Q

What color do the tissues like with hydrogen sulfide poisoning and why?

A

Dark to greenish purple bc reacts with iron

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9
Q

At what ppm does a sudden exposure cause death?

A

400

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10
Q

Mechanism of action for hydrogen sulfide?

A

Direct irritation to MM, decreased cellular respiration, asphyxia

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11
Q

Tx of hydrogen sulfide poisoning?

A

Sodium nitrate IV

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12
Q

T/F CO is odorless and colorless

A

True

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13
Q

What does the ‘canary in the coal mine’ phenomenon refer to

A

Smaller animals show signs of CO poisoning first

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action for CO

A

CO combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin which cannot carry O2. Hemoglobin has a higher affinity for CO

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15
Q

At what % COHb is sudden death?

A

60-70

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16
Q

What color is blood with CO? MM?

A

Blood is bright red, MM healthy pink

17
Q

How long is carboxyhemoglobin stable in whole blood for dx?

A

A few days if refrigerated

18
Q

Txt for CO?

A

Oxygen or CO2

Do not give 100% O2 for more then 18 hours

19
Q

What gas is termed ‘silo fillers disease’

A

Nitrous oxide

20
Q

What color is nitrous oxide and tetra?

A

NO2 = reddish brown
N2O4 = colorless
Mixture is yellow brown

21
Q

What does nitrogen oxide smell like?

A

Chlorine like odor

22
Q

T/F exposure of swine to 250 ppm for 10 min will result in death in about an hour

23
Q

What is more toxic, an acute NO2 toxicity with high concentration of chronic with low concentrations?

A

Acute high is more toxic

24
Q

Mechanism of action of nitrous oxide?

A

Direct irritant to MM, cause methemoglobinemia, death from hypoxia

25
Tx for nitrous oxide ?
IV methamylene blue
26
What level of sulfur oxide is toxic to cats within an hour?
500ppm
27
What is the mechanism of action of sulfur oxide?
Bronchoconstriction and lung damage
28
T/F older patients more likely to recover from smoke inhalation
False
29
What is the mechanism of action of a simple asphyxiant?
Space occupying, push O2 out of lungs
30
Mechanism of action of chemical asphyxiated?
Toxic systemic effects like CO alter O2 carrying capacity
31
What gas adheres highly to soot?
Sulfur dioxide
32
High soluble particle affect where? | Low soluble particles effect where?
High - upper airways | Low - lower airways
33
What drugs are contraindicated with smoke inhalation?
Steroids, cough suppressants, opioids
34
Does ammonia have a sharp odor?
Yes