Toxic Gases

Question 1

What metabolic disturbance happens with ammonia poisoning?

Answer 1

Alkalosis with compensatory acidosis

Question 2

T/F ammonia increases the ability to clear bacteria from the lungs

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Ammonia mechanism of action

Answer 3

Inhibits the TCA cycle, death due to asphyxia/edema and metabolic disturbances

Question 4

Do you see red mucous membranes with ammonia?

Answer 4

Si

Question 5

Ammonia tx?

Answer 5

Remove source, ointment to help MM, diuretics (edema)

Question 6

What is the most dangerous sewage gas?

Answer 6

Hydrogen sulfide

Question 7

What has is colorless and smells like rotten eggs?

Answer 7

Hydrogen sulfide

Question 8

What color do the tissues like with hydrogen sulfide poisoning and why?

Answer 8

Dark to greenish purple bc reacts with iron

Question 9

At what ppm does a sudden exposure cause death?

Answer 9

400

Question 10

Mechanism of action for hydrogen sulfide?

Answer 10

Direct irritation to MM, decreased cellular respiration, asphyxia

Question 11

Tx of hydrogen sulfide poisoning?

Answer 11

Sodium nitrate IV

Question 12

T/F CO is odorless and colorless

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What does the ‘canary in the coal mine’ phenomenon refer to

Answer 13

Smaller animals show signs of CO poisoning first

Question 14

What is the mechanism of action for CO

Answer 14

CO combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin which cannot carry O2. Hemoglobin has a higher affinity for CO

Question 15

At what % COHb is sudden death?

Answer 15

60-70

Question 16

What color is blood with CO? MM?

Answer 16

Blood is bright red, MM healthy pink

Question 17

How long is carboxyhemoglobin stable in whole blood for dx?

Answer 17

A few days if refrigerated

Question 18

Txt for CO?

Answer 18

Oxygen or CO2

Do not give 100% O2 for more then 18 hours

Question 19

What gas is termed ‘silo fillers disease’

Answer 19

Nitrous oxide

Question 20

What color is nitrous oxide and tetra?

Answer 20

NO2 = reddish brown
N2O4 = colorless
Mixture is yellow brown

Question 21

What does nitrogen oxide smell like?

Answer 21

Chlorine like odor

Question 22

T/F exposure of swine to 250 ppm for 10 min will result in death in about an hour

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is more toxic, an acute NO2 toxicity with high concentration of chronic with low concentrations?

Answer 23

Acute high is more toxic

Question 24

Mechanism of action of nitrous oxide?

Answer 24

Direct irritant to MM, cause methemoglobinemia, death from hypoxia

Question 25

Tx for nitrous oxide ?

Answer 25

IV methamylene blue

Question 26

What level of sulfur oxide is toxic to cats within an hour?

Answer 26

500ppm

Question 27

What is the mechanism of action of sulfur oxide?

Answer 27

Bronchoconstriction and lung damage

Question 28

T/F older patients more likely to recover from smoke inhalation

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What is the mechanism of action of a simple asphyxiant?

Answer 29

Space occupying, push O2 out of lungs

Question 30

Mechanism of action of chemical asphyxiated?

Answer 30

Toxic systemic effects like CO alter O2 carrying capacity

Question 31

What gas adheres highly to soot?

Answer 31

Sulfur dioxide

Question 32

High soluble particle affect where?

Low soluble particles effect where?

Answer 32

High - upper airways

Low - lower airways

Question 33

What drugs are contraindicated with smoke inhalation?

Answer 33

Steroids, cough suppressants, opioids

Question 34

Does ammonia have a sharp odor?

Answer 34

Yes