Alkaloid Plants Bitch Flashcards
What are the two colchicine plants?
Meadow saffron and glory lily
What is the mechanism of colchicines (meadow/glory)?
Antimitotic.
Inhibits cell division damaging all body systems.
What are the diterpene plants?
Buttercup family
Larkspur
Monkshood
What is the mechanism of action for diterpene (monkshood)?
What does monkshood specifically cause?
Competitive blockade of the nicotinic receptors at the muscle end plate similar to curare. Muscle paralysis/resp failure.
Monkshood can cause sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias
What is the antidote for diterpene (monkshood)?
Physostigmine - crosses BBB
Or
Neostigmine
What are the signs in acute ergot poisoning?
Very minimal signs, usually recover
What is the mechanism of action in chronic ergot poisoning?
Vasoconstriction and gangrene.
Also, uterine contractions (abortions)
What two plants are indolizidines (swainsonine)?
Locoweeds and milkvetches
Many species can lead to brain damage
What part of indolizidines (loco/milk) is toxic?
The whole plant
What is the mechanism of action for indolizidines (loco/milk)?
Contains nitropropanolol glycoside and selenium.
NG - peripheral neuronal degeneration and respiratory signs
Selenium - abnormal hoof and hair
What are the clinical signs of indolizine (loco/milk) poisoning?
Depression, incoordination, ataxia, circling, and abnormal behavior
What plants fall under the lycorine category?
Amaryllis family!
Narcissus and Barbados/fire lily
What is the most toxic part of narcissus (lycorine)?
Bulb in the ground !
What are the clinical signs of lycorine (narcissus) poisoning?
Emetic effects and GI signs
Where does muscarine come from?
Poisonous mushroom
What is the mechanism of action of muscarine ?
Stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
What are the clinical signs of muscarine poisoning?
CNS stimulation and DUMBELS (diarrhea, urination, muscle weakness, bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, salivation/sweating)
What is the antidote for muscarine?
Atropine
What are your piperidine plants?
Tobacco and hemlock
What is the mechanism of action for piperidines (tobacco/hem)?
Depolarizing NMB and act on autonomic ganglia
What are the clinical signs of piperidine (tobacco/hem) toxicity?
CNS depression, peripheral NM effects, and birth defects
What are your pyridines?
Night shade family.
Tobacco and Lobelia
What do pyridines cause at a low dose? High dose?
Low - depolarization
High - blockade
What are your pyrrolizidine plants?
Rattlebox and ragwort
What is the mechanism of action for pyrrolizidine (rattle/rag) toxicity?
Hepatotoxic and hepatic encephalopathy
most toxic part is the seed
What are your solanine/solanidine plants?
Nightshade family.
Ones that have the name nightshade
Eggplant, tomato, and Chinese lantern
What is the mechanism of action for solanine (night/egg/tomato) ?
GI, CNS, resp, cardiac
What is a taxine plant?
Yew.
What is the mechanism of action of yew?
CARDIOTOXIC and GI like digitalis
What are your tropane plants?
Trumpets and henbane
What is the mechanism of action of your tropanes (trumpet/hen)?
Antimuscarinic effects (opposite of DUMBELS)
Antiemetic and CNS stimulation
What is the antidote for tropanes (trumpet/hen)?
Anticholinesterase inhibitor like physostigmine
What are your xanthine alkaloids?
Cocoa, coffee, and theophylline/bromine
What is the mechanism of action of xanthines (cocoa)?
Inhibiting phosphodiesterase and releasing catecholamines/calcium
What are the clinical signs of xanthines toxicosis?
CNS stimulation, seizures, tachycardia, hypotension
Name all the alkaloid plant families…..
Colchicine Diterpene Ergot Indolizidine (swainsonine) Lycorine Muscarine Piperidine Pyridine Pyrrolizidine Solanine Taxine Tropane Xanthine
