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F*ck > Alkaloid Plants Bitch > Flashcards

Alkaloid Plants Bitch Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two colchicine plants?

A

Meadow saffron and glory lily

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of colchicines (meadow/glory)?

A

Antimitotic.

Inhibits cell division damaging all body systems.

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3
Q

What are the diterpene plants?

A

Buttercup family
Larkspur
Monkshood

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action for diterpene (monkshood)?

What does monkshood specifically cause?

A

Competitive blockade of the nicotinic receptors at the muscle end plate similar to curare. Muscle paralysis/resp failure.

Monkshood can cause sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias

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5
Q

What is the antidote for diterpene (monkshood)?

A

Physostigmine - crosses BBB
Or
Neostigmine

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6
Q

What are the signs in acute ergot poisoning?

A

Very minimal signs, usually recover

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action in chronic ergot poisoning?

A

Vasoconstriction and gangrene.

Also, uterine contractions (abortions)

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8
Q

What two plants are indolizidines (swainsonine)?

A

Locoweeds and milkvetches

Many species can lead to brain damage

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9
Q

What part of indolizidines (loco/milk) is toxic?

A

The whole plant

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action for indolizidines (loco/milk)?

A

Contains nitropropanolol glycoside and selenium.

NG - peripheral neuronal degeneration and respiratory signs
Selenium - abnormal hoof and hair

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of indolizine (loco/milk) poisoning?

A

Depression, incoordination, ataxia, circling, and abnormal behavior

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12
Q

What plants fall under the lycorine category?

A

Amaryllis family!

Narcissus and Barbados/fire lily

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13
Q

What is the most toxic part of narcissus (lycorine)?

A

Bulb in the ground !

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of lycorine (narcissus) poisoning?

A

Emetic effects and GI signs

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15
Q

Where does muscarine come from?

A

Poisonous mushroom

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of muscarine ?

A

Stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

17
Q

What are the clinical signs of muscarine poisoning?

A

CNS stimulation and DUMBELS (diarrhea, urination, muscle weakness, bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, salivation/sweating)

18
Q

What is the antidote for muscarine?

A

Atropine

19
Q

What are your piperidine plants?

A

Tobacco and hemlock

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action for piperidines (tobacco/hem)?

A

Depolarizing NMB and act on autonomic ganglia

21
Q

What are the clinical signs of piperidine (tobacco/hem) toxicity?

A

CNS depression, peripheral NM effects, and birth defects

22
Q

What are your pyridines?

A

Night shade family.

Tobacco and Lobelia

23
Q

What do pyridines cause at a low dose? High dose?

A

Low - depolarization

High - blockade

24
Q

What are your pyrrolizidine plants?

A

Rattlebox and ragwort

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action for pyrrolizidine (rattle/rag) toxicity?

A

Hepatotoxic and hepatic encephalopathy

most toxic part is the seed

26
Q

What are your solanine/solanidine plants?

A

Nightshade family.
Ones that have the name nightshade
Eggplant, tomato, and Chinese lantern

27
Q

What is the mechanism of action for solanine (night/egg/tomato) ?

A

GI, CNS, resp, cardiac

28
Q

What is a taxine plant?

A

Yew.

29
Q

What is the mechanism of action of yew?

A

CARDIOTOXIC and GI like digitalis

30
Q

What are your tropane plants?

A

Trumpets and henbane

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action of your tropanes (trumpet/hen)?

A

Antimuscarinic effects (opposite of DUMBELS)

Antiemetic and CNS stimulation

32
Q

What is the antidote for tropanes (trumpet/hen)?

A

Anticholinesterase inhibitor like physostigmine

33
Q

What are your xanthine alkaloids?

A

Cocoa, coffee, and theophylline/bromine

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of xanthines (cocoa)?

A

Inhibiting phosphodiesterase and releasing catecholamines/calcium

35
Q

What are the clinical signs of xanthines toxicosis?

A

CNS stimulation, seizures, tachycardia, hypotension

36
Q

Name all the alkaloid plant families…..

A 
Colchicine
Diterpene
Ergot
Indolizidine (swainsonine)
Lycorine
Muscarine
Piperidine 
Pyridine
Pyrrolizidine
Solanine 
Taxine
Tropane 
Xanthine

F*ck (9 decks)

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