Glycosides YEAH Flashcards by Ned Stark

What is the mechanism of action for anthraquinone glycosides (coffe/aloe)?

Purgative (diarrhea)

Also skeletal and cardiac muscle damage leading to myoglobinuria and coffee colored urine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the toxin in Coffeeweed senna?

Unknown

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What will horses die from if exposed to too much anthraquinone glycosides (coffe/aloe)?

Liver failure NOT muscle degeneration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are your calcinogenic glycosides (vitamin D analogs)?

Day blooming jasmine and turkey berry

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the mechanism of action for calcinogenic glycosides?

Hypercalcemia

Calcification of elastic tissues leading to lameness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is you carboxyatractyloside - sulfated glycoside?

Cocklebur

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the mechanism of action of cocklebur

Hepatotoxicity and salivation.

*may be some renal damage or hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some cardiac glycosides?

Foxglove
Oleander
Periwinkle
Lily of the valley
Milkweed
Desert rose
Frangipani
CHRISTMAS KALLANCHOE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a coumarin glycoside?

Sweet clover

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What drug has a similar mechanism of action to sweet clover?

Warfarin.

Hemorrhage by inhibiting vit K epoxide reductase leading to a deficiency of coag factors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is all sweet clover toxic?

Nah.

Needs to under go hydrolysis a.k.a. Spoiled
Fresh is not toxic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are your cyanogenic glycosides?

Wild cherries
Sorghum
Elderberry
Hydrangeas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mechanism of action in ACUTE cyanogenic glycoside poisoning

Inhibition of cytochrome oxidase and inhibition of cellular respiration.
Vasoconstriction and inhibition of glycolysis.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mechanism of action in CHRONIC cyanogenic glycoside poisoning

Neuronal degeneration and anti Thyroid!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are your cyasin plants?

Sago palm and cardboard Palm (zamiacae)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the three toxins in your sago Palm?

Cyasin - liver failure, teratogenic, and carcinogenic
BMAA - neurotoxic
Unknown toxin - atonal degeneration in CNS

What does zamiaceae (a cyacasin) cause in cattle?

Zamia staggers

Ataxia, weakness, weightloss, and GI/liver signs

What are your glucosinolate - thiocyanate glycosides ?

Rape seed, kale, broccoli, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, turnip, and cauliflower

Also soybean and flax

What is the mechanism of action of your vegetables, soy, and flax?

Anti thyroid with chronic accumulation

What is your nitropropanolol glucoside?

Milkvetch

What is the mechanism of action of milkvetch

Inhibits Kreb cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Phytoestrogens are your….

White clover and alfalfa

What is the MOA of white clover and alfalfa?

Bind to estrogen receptors in both genders causing infertility. Also decreased libido and feminization in males

What are your protoanemonins?

Buttercups! Ranunculus

What is the mechanism of action of your buttercups (protoanemonins)?

Volatile oil that causes GI irritation and dermatitis

What is your ptaquiloside?

Bracken fern

What causes bright blindness in sheep?

Bracken fern.... Retinal degeneration and upper GI issues

What is the mechanism of action for bracken fern?

Death of precursor cells in the bone marrow leads to aplastic anemia. ALSO neoplasms occur in the urinary tract leading to enzootic bovine hematuria

What causes enzootic bovine hematuria?

Bracken fern

What are you steroidal saponins?

Agave and nolina

What is the mechanism of action of agave (steroidal saponin)?

Secondary photosensitization at the liver

What is gossypol?

Cottonseed

What is the most toxic part of gossypol/cotton seed?

The seed! The cottonseed oil is NOT toxic. Remember only free gossypol is toxic!

What are two ways to decrease gossypol toxicity?

Heat (changes to less toxic form) | Iron (binds and decreases toxicity)

What animals are more sensitive to gossypol?

Monogastrics are more sensitive than ruminants

What are your anthraquinone glycosides?

Coffeeweed senna | Aloe