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F*ck > Glycosides YEAH > Flashcards

Glycosides YEAH Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action for anthraquinone glycosides (coffe/aloe)?

A

Purgative (diarrhea)

Also skeletal and cardiac muscle damage leading to myoglobinuria and coffee colored urine

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2
Q

What is the toxin in Coffeeweed senna?

A

Unknown

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3
Q

What will horses die from if exposed to too much anthraquinone glycosides (coffe/aloe)?

A

Liver failure NOT muscle degeneration

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4
Q

What are your calcinogenic glycosides (vitamin D analogs)?

A

Day blooming jasmine and turkey berry

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action for calcinogenic glycosides?

A

Hypercalcemia

Calcification of elastic tissues leading to lameness

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6
Q

What is you carboxyatractyloside - sulfated glycoside?

A

Cocklebur

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cocklebur

A

Hepatotoxicity and salivation.

*may be some renal damage or hypoglycemia

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8
Q

What are some cardiac glycosides?

A 
Foxglove
Oleander
Periwinkle
Lily of the valley
Milkweed
Desert rose
Frangipani
CHRISTMAS KALLANCHOE
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9
Q

What is a coumarin glycoside?

A

Sweet clover

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10
Q

What drug has a similar mechanism of action to sweet clover?

A

Warfarin.

Hemorrhage by inhibiting vit K epoxide reductase leading to a deficiency of coag factors

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11
Q

Is all sweet clover toxic?

A

Nah.

Needs to under go hydrolysis a.k.a. Spoiled
Fresh is not toxic

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12
Q

What are your cyanogenic glycosides?

A

Wild cherries
Sorghum
Elderberry
Hydrangeas

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13
Q

Mechanism of action in ACUTE cyanogenic glycoside poisoning

A

Inhibition of cytochrome oxidase and inhibition of cellular respiration.
Vasoconstriction and inhibition of glycolysis.

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14
Q

Mechanism of action in CHRONIC cyanogenic glycoside poisoning

A

Neuronal degeneration and anti Thyroid!

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15
Q

What are your cyasin plants?

A

Sago palm and cardboard Palm (zamiacae)

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16
Q

What are the three toxins in your sago Palm?

A
  1. Cyasin - liver failure, teratogenic, and carcinogenic
  2. BMAA - neurotoxic
  3. Unknown toxin - atonal degeneration in CNS
17
Q

What does zamiaceae (a cyacasin) cause in cattle?

A

Zamia staggers

Ataxia, weakness, weightloss, and GI/liver signs

18
Q

What are your glucosinolate - thiocyanate glycosides ?

A

Rape seed, kale, broccoli, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, turnip, and cauliflower

Also soybean and flax

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of your vegetables, soy, and flax?

A

Anti thyroid with chronic accumulation

20
Q

What is your nitropropanolol glucoside?

A

Milkvetch

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of milkvetch

A

Inhibits Kreb cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

22
Q

Phytoestrogens are your….

A

White clover and alfalfa

23
Q

What is the MOA of white clover and alfalfa?

A

Bind to estrogen receptors in both genders causing infertility. Also decreased libido and feminization in males

24
Q

What are your protoanemonins?

A

Buttercups! Ranunculus

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of your buttercups (protoanemonins)?

A

Volatile oil that causes GI irritation and dermatitis

26
Q

What is your ptaquiloside?

A

Bracken fern

27
Q

What causes bright blindness in sheep?

A

Bracken fern…. Retinal degeneration and upper GI issues

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action for bracken fern?

A

Death of precursor cells in the bone marrow leads to aplastic anemia.

ALSO neoplasms occur in the urinary tract leading to enzootic bovine hematuria

29
Q

What causes enzootic bovine hematuria?

A

Bracken fern

30
Q

What are you steroidal saponins?

A

Agave and nolina

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action of agave (steroidal saponin)?

A

Secondary photosensitization at the liver

32
Q

What is gossypol?

A

Cottonseed

33
Q

What is the most toxic part of gossypol/cotton seed?

A

The seed! The cottonseed oil is NOT toxic.

Remember only free gossypol is toxic!

34
Q

What are two ways to decrease gossypol toxicity?

A

Heat (changes to less toxic form)

Iron (binds and decreases toxicity)

35
Q

What animals are more sensitive to gossypol?

A

Monogastrics are more sensitive than ruminants

36
Q

What are your anthraquinone glycosides?

A

Coffeeweed senna

Aloe

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