Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Perception & Cognition > Touch & the Vestibular System > Flashcards

Touch & the Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is proprioception?

A

The awareness of your body’s orientation: posture, movements and changes in your equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is somatosensation?

A

All sensory signals from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the vestibular system do?

A

detects motion, orientation, tilt, and gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is spatial orientation important for?

A

Maintaining clear vision when moving

Keeping balance & posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 2 parts make up the Vestibular system?

A

The Semicircular canals

The Otolith organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the Vestibular system located?

A

In the middle/ inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are tactile sensations caused by?

A

mechanical displacements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What doe kinesthesis mean?

A

the position and movement of limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is thermal sensation?

A

heat and cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is pain?

A

damage to body tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 kinds of touch sensations?

A

tactile
kinesthesis
thermal
pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 semicircular canals called and what do they monitor?

A

Anterior: coronal plane (cartwheel)
Posterior: sagittal plane (nodding)
Horizontal/ Lateral: transverse plane (looking left/right)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the semicircular canals responsible for?

A

perceiving rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The semicircular canals join to what?

A

the vestibule with a swelling, an ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When you move your head the liquid in the _________ causes the ______ to move.

A

ampulla

cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do the otolith organs consist of?

A

The Utricule

The saccule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the Utricule responsible for?

A

detecting horizontal movement and acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Saccule responsible for?

A

detecting vertical movement and acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the fluid sack, inside the otolith organs called?

A

The Macula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the fluid sack inside the Ampulla called?

A

Crista

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is translation perception?

A

detecting changes in movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is tilt perception?

A

changes in direction of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Other than proprioception, what else do the vestibular nuclei in the medulla process?

A

Visual information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Other than connecting to the medulla to support vision, what other parts of the brain is the vestibular system connected to and what is controlled in these parts?

A

the motor cortex: movement

the cerebellum: balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is vection?

A

illusory perceptions of self motion caused by visual cues (without vestibular cues eg. old school screen savers)

26
Q

What is motion sickness thought to be?

A

the result of conflicting information arising from the visual system and the vestibular system

27
Q

What evolutionary benefit do conflicting senses (motion sickness) give us?

A

tells us we may be poisoned

28
Q

What is a type of vestibular disorder?

A

Meniere’s syndrome

29
Q

What is Meniere’s syndrome?

A

damage from an overflow of fluid - wrong information from the vestibular system

30
Q

What is generally known as the combination of dizziness, imbalance, spatial disorientation and nausea?

A

Vertigo

31
Q

What physiotherapy techniques can alleviate the symptoms of Meniere’s syndrome or vertigo?

A
  1. plasticity (practice movements)
  2. formation of internal models (what it should feel like)
  3. learning of limits (can/cant)
  4. sensory weighting (concentrate on one sense more than the other)
32
Q

To detect vestibular problems we can examine?

A

Eye movements

33
Q

What is haptic perception?

A

recognising objects or the world around you through touch

34
Q

What are the 4 different types of touch receptors that give you the 4 different kinds of touch?

A

tactile mechanoreceptors
kinesthetic mechanoreceptors
thermalceptors
nociceptors (pain/ damage to body tissue)

35
Q

What is the top layer and underlying layer of skin called?

A

the epidermis

the dermis

36
Q

What are the 4 types of tactile mechanoreceptors?

A

merkel
ruffini
meissner
pacinian

37
Q

What do kinaesthetic mechanoreceptors sense?

A

the position of limbs and the movements the muscles are making

38
Q

What is the optimal temperature of the skin?

A

30-36 degrees

39
Q

Other than heat what else can thermoceptors tell us about the objects we touch?

A

the tactile sensation of the object we touch (e.g. wood vs metal etc.)

40
Q

What are Nociceptors?

A

receptors that respond to various forms of tissue damage and extreme temperatures (pain)

41
Q

What are the 2 types of nociceptors?

A

A-delta fibres

C fibres

42
Q

Which type of nociceptor would be used to carry stabbing pain messages to the brain?

A

A-delta fibers

43
Q

What type of nociceptor would be used to carry dull pain messages to the brain?

A

C fibers

44
Q

Which type of nociceptor is myelinated and what does this mean?

A

A-delta: they conduct signal rapidly

45
Q

Which area of the brain is responsible for pain processing?

A

No single area

46
Q

What does the gate control theory suggest?

A

Pain can be modulated by your spine even before it gets to your brain by an inhibitory inter-neuron
Gate control sends an interrupting signal to the second order neuron to stop the nosiceptors from taking a message of pain

47
Q

What is an example of bottom-up processing of pain?

A

Tissue damage detected by noisieceptors and travels up your spine into your brains.
At each junction the messages are being relayed- the neuron is synapsing between neurons.

48
Q

What is an example of top-down processing of pain?

A

The brain sending messages to the Gate Inter-neuron to stop pain coming through to the brain
Eg. thoughts that impact the amount of pain you think you’re feeling AND how much pain you actually are feeling because your brain can’t handle them

49
Q

In what situation would your brain signal to the gate inter-neuron not to allow signals of pain through?

A

For Benign touch (touch that might hurt but is actually helping more- eg. rubbing)

Gate control sends an interrupting signal to the second order neuron to stop the nosiceptors from taking a message of pain

50
Q

Where is the sensory cortex located?

A

Parietal lobe (across the top of your brain as if you were wearing a headband)

51
Q

Why does phantom limbs occur?

A

Due to the corresponding somatosensory cortex for that limb still being active in the brain
OR
If the adjacent somatosensory cortex is active and accidentally passes on random activation

52
Q

How can pain be treated if that part of the body isn’t actually there (phantom limb)?

A

Mirror therapy- they use a mirror to visually connect the idea of their missing foot actually being there. They can then modulate the pain response because it ‘resets’ the random activation that occurs in your somatosensory cortex for that area. Links visual with tactile sensation.

53
Q

What is the defending pathway called, from the cortex to the spinal cord?

A

Endogenous opiates

54
Q

How does pain affect attention?

A

Can’t focus as well with pain

Pain is usually less intense if distracted from it (or even sometimes concentrating on it reduce the pain)

55
Q

Why is there a placebo effect?

A

Increased activation in the spinal cord (gate theory)

56
Q

How are sensory processes represented in the brain?

A

Somatotopically

57
Q

What is meant by the sensory homunculus?

A

The mapping of the sensory processes in the brain depending on the importance/ amount of touch that is received in different areas of the body (eg. the face because it controls most senses has a larger portion of brain than does the torso) After the face comes the fingers/ hand

58
Q

What is tactile acuity measured using?

A

the 2 point touch threshold

59
Q

What is the 2 point touch threshold?

A

The smallest separation at which two points applied simultaneously to the skin can be distinguished from one another

60
Q

What is needed for higher tactile acuity?

A

sufficient concentration of mechanoceptors
A small enough receptor field for each receptor
Large enough area in the cortex given to process the 2 different touches at the same time equally

61
Q

How is neural plasticity of sensory pathways proven?

A

By blindfolding people and watching the transfer away from touch to visual cortex activation in the brain as they learn more about not having vision

Perception & Cognition (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions