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Perception & Cognition > Intelligence > Flashcards

Intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of intelligence?

A

difficult to define:
capacity to learn from experience, using metacognitive processes to enhance learning and adaptability to the surroundings

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2
Q

Who designed factor analysis models for measuring intelligence?

A

spearman

thurstone

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3
Q

Who designed multidimensional models for measuring intelligence?

A

guilford

carrol

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4
Q

Who designed interactive models for measuring intelligence?

A

gardner

sternberg

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5
Q

What is emotional intelligence?

A

intelligence relating to emotions: the ability to recognise and manage one’s own and others’ emotions (to motivate oneself and restrain impulses etc.)

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6
Q

What are some main areas of controversy when discussing intelligence?

A 
artificial intelligence (is the computer demonstrating the same intelligence)
animal vs human intelligence
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7
Q

What did early theories of assessing intelligence focus on?

A

psychological abilities or judgemental ability

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8
Q

What did Victorian England believe was the relation between your mind and body?

A

your body type influenced your cognition, mind and your behaviour and visa versa

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9
Q

Who developed the first academic intelligence test?

A

binet

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10
Q

What did Binet focus on?

A

direction (goal and planning)
adaption
criticism (metacognition)

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11
Q

What does IQ stand for?

A

Intelligence quotient

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12
Q

What is an IQ?

A

the age of intelligence (mental age/ actual age x 100)

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13
Q

What scales of intelligence do we use now?

A

standardised distribution of scores (bell curve) taken from extremely large samples

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14
Q

What is the Flynn effect?

A

the world is getting smarter

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15
Q

What were the 4 content areas assessed in the Stanford-Binet intelligence scales?

A

STM
Verbal reasoning
Qualitative reasoning
Figural/ abstract reasoning

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16
Q

What is the WAIS-R?

A

the Weschler Adult Intelligence scale (many different editions- WISC for kids & WPPSI for preschool kids & different country editions)

17
Q

The Weschler scales yield what 3 scores?

A

performance, verbal and an overall score

18
Q

What did Spearman propose?

A

the single, underlying cognitive component that pervades all aspects of mental ability (Spearman’s g) - extremely controversial

19
Q

What did Thurston suggest?

A

7 primary intellects: Spearman’s g was too specific and there were 7 factors that actually covered all cognitive ability

20
Q

What were Thurstone’s 7 primary abilities?

A 
verbal comprehension 
verbal fluency 
inductive reasoning 
spatial visualisation 
number
memory 
perceptual speed
21
Q

Who developed the more complex model of Thurstone’s primary intellects?

A

Guilford

22
Q

What was guilford’s model of intelligence?

A

multidimensional model of a cube of 3 intersecting dimensions

23
Q

What were the 3 dimensions of intelligence according to Guilford?

A

operations
contents
products

24
Q

What was Carroll’s multidimensional model of intelligence?

A

Hierarchical model: 3 strata (narrow specific abilities, general abilities, single general intelligence)

25
Q

Who’s theory was based on 3 sides of a cube?

A

Guilford

26
Q

Who’s theory was based on a hierarchical strata structure of intelligence?

A

Carrol

27
Q

Who’s theory was based on an overarching general cognitive ability?

A

Spearman

28
Q

Who’s theory was based around equality between 7 different factors of intelligence?

A

Thurstone

29
Q

What did Gardner introduce?

A

the notion of multiple intelligences

30
Q

What were Gardner’s 7 intelligences?

A 
Linguistic intelligence
Logical-mathematical intelligence
Spatial intelligence
Musical intelligence
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence
Intrapersonal intelligence
31
Q

What type of psychologist was Sternberg?

A

cognitive

32
Q

What was Sternberg’s theory?

A

the triarchic theory

33
Q

What are the 3 areas of Sternberg’s Triarchic theory?

A 
Analytical thinking (componential intelligence- traditional thinking)
Creative thinking (experiential intelligence- inventing something new)
Practical thinking (contextual intelligence- applying knowledge to everyday contexts)
34
Q

What is monozygotic?

A

one cell that has split- twins (identical genetic makeup)

35
Q

What is the conclusion about genetics and intelligence?

A

Genetics probably set an upper limit to intelligence but whether it is reached depends on other psycho-social & environmental factors

36
Q

Who has proposed theories of emotional intelligence?

A

Mayer & Salovey

Goleman & Bar-on

37
Q

What are the 5 components of Goleman’s model of intelligence?

A 
knowing emotions
managing emotions 
motivation 
recognising others' emotions
handling relationships
38
Q

What is the main issue with measuring emotional intelligence?

A

self-report scales

Perception & Cognition (10 decks)

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