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Psyc2022 > Touch And The Vestibular System > Flashcards

Touch And The Vestibular System Flashcards

0
Q

Info given to us via touch is used in a very ………… Way

A

Automatic

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1
Q

Touch and the vestibular system gives us

A

Our sense of physically being in the world

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2
Q

Proprioception is

A

Our sense of physically being in the world and orientated in space. How we feel our body as ourselves.

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3
Q

Somatosensation

A

All sensory signals from the body in space

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4
Q

Two main systems in the somatosensory context are:

A

Vestibular system

Sense of Touch

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5
Q

4 different systems under touch

A

Tactile sensations
Kinaesthesia
Thermal sensation
Pain

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6
Q

Three main components in the ear that you hear with:

A

Ear drum
Anvil
Stirrup

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7
Q

Vestibular system is between the

A

Middle ear and the cochlea ( inner ear)

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8
Q

Vestibular system gives us our sense of

A

Orientation and balance

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9
Q

Vestibular system is made up of 2 systems:

A

Semicircular canals

Otolith organs

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10
Q

How many Semicircular canals are there

A

3 of them

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11
Q

Vestibular system sense organs detect

A 
Motion
Orientation
Tilt
Gravity
Sense of spatial orientation
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12
Q

Spatial orientation important for

A

Keeping clear vision while moving
Keeping balance
Keeping posture

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13
Q

How many Otoliths organs are there

A

2

Utricule and saccule

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14
Q

Semicircular canals are responsible for

A

Perceiving rotation

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15
Q

3 semicircular canals correspond to

A

3 planes of rotation in space ie 3D space

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16
Q

What are the 3 semicircular canals

A

Anterior (cartwheel)
Posterior (nodding)
Horizontal/lateral ( looking left/right)

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17
Q

Changes in movement ie starting and stopping a movement

A

We are more sensitive to

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18
Q

The utricule otoliths organ is responsible for

A

Detecting horizontal movement and acceleration (running, driving in a car)

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19
Q

Saccule otolith organ is responsible for

A

Detecting vertical movement and acceleration (jumping)

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20
Q

Macular is

A

Fluid sac in each of the otolith organs that slosh around activating nerve cells

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21
Q

Cilia are

A

Hairs aka nerve fivers in vestibular organs that get displaced by macular and send signals to the brain

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22
Q

Cilia can sense change in the direction of

A

Gravity to signal tilt

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23
Q

Vestibular system unique because

A

No singular brain area dedicated to it

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24
Q

Vestibular system is combined with

A

Visual system to give orientation and movement in space

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25
Q

Vestibular systemise also connected to the

A

Motor cortex and cerebellum

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26
Q

Cerebellum controls

A

Balance

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27
Q

Vection is

A

Illusory perception of self motion caused by visual cues independent of vestibular cues (screen saver stars moving) (train next to you is moving)

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28
Q

Vexation is an example of

A

Sensory conflict

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29
Q

Motion sickness

A

Conflicting info arising from visual system and the vestibular system (sea sickness)

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30
Q

To prevent motion sickness

A

Eyes must be receiving same as vestibular system (look out the window)

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31
Q

Meniere’s syndrome

A

Prolonged damage to vestibular system due to overflow of fluid in the inner ear

32
Q

What happens to cilia if liquid overflow in inner ear

A

Might not send u the msg when you’re moving

Or excess fluid pushing on the cilia tell you you’re always moving when you’re not

33
Q

How do we test the vestibular system?

A

Watching the eye movements

34
Q

Why watch the eyes when measuring vestibular function

A

Watch circades in the eyes during movement to see if they match up to the type of movement

35
Q

Technical term for sense of touch

A

Haptic perception

36
Q

Haptic perception is

A

Recognising objects or the world around you through touch

37
Q

Tactile illusions

A

When your sense of touch gives you info that is not consistent with info of the outside world

38
Q

Four different groups of touch receptors

A

Tactile mechanoceptors
Kinaesthetic mechanoceptors
Thermalceptors
Nociceptors

39
Q

Kinesthesis

A

Position and movement of limbs

40
Q

Pain receptor name

A

Nociceptors

41
Q

Tactile mechanoceptors are found

A

Under your skin (dermis) and out layer (epidermis)

42
Q

How many different types of tactile mechanoceptors?

A

4

43
Q

Kinaesthetic mechanoreceptors give you

A

You sense of position of the limbs and the movements the muscles are making in space

44
Q

What happens with limited kinaesthesis?

A

Body physically capable cannot move body. Unable to sense position of limb and body location. Have to learn to use vision to move/walk and position limbs

45
Q

There are how many Thermalceptors?

A

2

Warm fibres and cold fibres

46
Q

Cold fibres and hot fibres respond to changes in skin temp above or below the…

A

Optimal range 30 - 36oC

47
Q

Thermalceptors tell you about

A

Different textures

48
Q

How many types of Nociceptors?

A

2

A-delta fibres and C fibres

49
Q

A-delta fibres respond to

A

Strong pressure or heat. Myelinated and conduct signal very fast

50
Q

C fibres respond to

A

Other kinds of intense stimuli. Unmylienated so slower signals

51
Q

Both types of nociceptors are unique because

A

They send signals faster than other mechanoceptors

52
Q

Pain exists on multiple levels:

A

Sensory
Emotional
Cognitive

53
Q

Pain has no singular area for processing in the

A

Brain

54
Q

Pain is modulated at a few different point in the body… Top down processes from brain can influence

A

The amount of pain you are feeling/experiencing

55
Q

Gate control theory

A

In spine the inhibitory intraneuon/gate neuron modulated how much pain signal gets sent to brain

56
Q

Apart from nociceptors Gate neuron receives info from

A

2 other sources

57
Q

Inhibitory neuron turned on

A

Send inhibitory signal to 2nd order neuron to not send pain signals through to brain or modulate pain to be less.

58
Q

Inhibitory neuron turned off

A

Pain comes through the 2nd order neuron and to brain uninhibited.

59
Q

Brain can release …………….from the top down (cortex) to the spinal cord to stop pain signals

A

Endogenous opiates (neuro transmitters that turn on the gate)

60
Q

Pain and attention

A

Pain can be less when ppl distracted

61
Q

Pain can also be less when the ppl

A

Focuses on the pain

62
Q

Pain and belief

A

Given a placebo treatment and believe you’re being treated = less pain

63
Q

Sensory cortex is located

A

On the top of your brain - where a head band would sit

64
Q

Somatotopical

A

Brain regions correspond to a map of your body

65
Q

How many maps of your body?

A

2

66
Q

Where are the 2 body maps located

A

One in left hemisphere

One in right

67
Q

Body maps are called

A

Sensory homunculus

68
Q

S1

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

69
Q

S2

A

Secondar somatosensory cortex

70
Q

On somatosensory cortex the Hand and face, lips tongue and mouth area are very big because

A

Those are the most sensitive for processing touch

71
Q

Sensory pathways can be quite plastic according to

A

Each persons experiences

72
Q

Two point touch threshold

A

How effective are ppl at detecting two raised points at a certain distance away from each other

73
Q

Tactile acuity is measured using the

A

Two point touch threshold

74
Q

Phantom limb

A

Persistent image or memory of a limb of the body months or even years after it’s loss

75
Q

Phantom limb occur as a result of

A

Somatosensory cortex activation - distorted somatotopical maps

76
Q

Phantom limb treatment

A

Mirror therapy

77
Q

Mirror therapy works because

A

Gives illusion that the missing limb is there. Fools brain. Can move it in a way that alleviates the pain/discomfort

78
Q

Rubber hand is an example of

A

Where your senses have be integrated to give you a sense of what is happening in the world. Visual integrated with tactile

Psyc2022 (11 decks)

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