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Psyc2022 > Judgement And Decision Making > Flashcards

Judgement And Decision Making Flashcards

1
Q

We learn so much about judgement by looking at the

A

Errors of judgement we make

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2
Q

Social cognition

A

How our thought processes are influence by our social existence
Stereotype formation.

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3
Q

We judge ALOT within

A

Seconds!

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4
Q

When we form judgements of things/people we don’t actually have

A

Conscious awareness of how we do it

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5
Q

Masking is a technique used in cog psych to stop ppl from

A

Consciously processing an image. Mask image - face - mask image

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6
Q

Specific region in the……….showed activity when tracking how trustworthy one saw a persons face to be

A

Amygdala

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7
Q

The Amygdala can process

A

Social cues without awareness and make judgements

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8
Q

Judgement is

A

Process by which we form opinions, reach conclusions and make critical evaluations on basis of avail info

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9
Q

Decision making is

A

Process of choosing btwn alternatives, selecting and rejecting avail options

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10
Q

What is the difference btwn judgement and decision making?

A

Decision making is a controlled deliberate process. Judging is spontaneous.

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11
Q

We learn about how things go right by looking at

A

How they go wrong

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12
Q

Often when we make decisions we make them in what context…

A

Emotional

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13
Q

Key psychological processes that underlie judgement and decision making not only applies to psychology but to

A

Economics as well

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14
Q

Parsimony is very much a key cognitive process in

A

Making judgements and decision making

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15
Q

Most research in judgement and decision making has focused on

A

Errors people make and the biases

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16
Q

From our judgement and decision making capabilities

A

Not rationale internal statisticians!!

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17
Q

Level/ rational of judgement and decision making is not different for

A

Ppl from different educated/socioeconomic backgrounds

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18
Q

Our Experience of new phenomena is very strong influenced by our

A

Experience with past similar phenomena

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19
Q

Inferences we make guide our ………..which influence our…………

A

Schemas, judgements

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20
Q

Schema is

A

Models we create to Help us make sense of the world. Ie how to act/behave at a wedding.

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21
Q

Schemas help guide our

A

Judgements

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22
Q

We are all Cognitive misers. This means we

A

Process info with a minimal amount if mental effort. Use minimal, most salient info from our past experiences to construct judgements.

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23
Q

Cognitive miser is similar to

A

Parsimony

24
Q

Being a cognitive miser is economical but the problem is…

A

Can lead to over-generalising and stereotype formation

25
Q

Our initial impressions are very

A

Persistent, resistant to change

26
Q

Perseverance of false beliefs refers to

A

The difficultly it takes to alter first impressions

27
Q

2possible outcomes to judgement are

A

Assimilation

Accommodation

28
Q

Assimilation is where we fit

A

New data within existing stereotypical theories.

29
Q

Accommodation is when we

A

Change the stereotype to incorporate new idea

30
Q

Research shows that we are much more likely to …………..than…………..

A

Assimilate this accommodate

31
Q

Accommodation only happens

A

After a long time and build up if sufficient contrary evidence

32
Q

It’s more economical for us to

A

Assimilate than accommodate

33
Q

What is it called when we bend our experiences to fit within our existing stereotypes?

A

Biased assimilation

34
Q

This process ……..enforces our stereotypes

A

Selective exposure

35
Q

Selective exposure is the fact that we tend not to

A

Expose ourselves to situations that will challenge our stereotypes. Ie friendship groups with similar views. Only listen to media in line with our views

36
Q

Our tendency to cling to initial theories can lead to us being

A

Overconfident because we underestimate the probability that initial theories could be wrong

37
Q

Optimistic bias is when

A

Overconfident with ability to complete tasks in a set time. Me and exam cram revision!!

38
Q

Cognitive biases are

A

Processes used to explain irrational judgement and decision making

39
Q

Judgements and decisions often made on

A

Gutt intuition!

40
Q

Two common errors in cog bias

A

Perceiving random events as non-random

Perceiving correlated events as casually related

41
Q

Anchoring bias is

A

Insufficient judgement (up or down) from original starting value when judging value of some event or outcome. You are anchored to initial idea. Ie money for charities

42
Q

Not $500 not $400 not $300 but $29.99 is an example of

A

Anchoring bias - planting higher value in you head first

43
Q

Availability heuristic (bias) causes us to

A

Judge as more frequent or probable those events that are more readily imagined or retrieved from memory - even when objective evidence indicates otherwise

44
Q

Availability heuristic simply is

A

Because it’s more available you judge it as being more likely

45
Q

Availability heuristic (bias) are based on

A

Dramatic vivid individual cases placed in our memory - that come readily available when we make a judgement/decision regarding something similar

46
Q

Talboild TV current affair relies on our……….by presenting dramatic cases rather than facts

A

Availability heuristic

47
Q

Representativeness heuristic is

A

Belonging to a particular category implies having the characteristics considered typical of members of that category

48
Q

When u meet someone who looks just like someone else and you expect that person to behave like the other person.. Is an example of

A

Representativeness heuristic

49
Q

Our decision making is influenced by

A

The way the problem is posed and our assessment of the risks involved

50
Q

Decision frames refer to the way in which a decision

A

Is presented to us. Even if data is the same.

51
Q

When ppl make decisions they’re constantly evaluating

A

Risk strategies

52
Q

Two types of risk strategies in decision making

A

Risk seeking

Risk averse

53
Q

Risk taking in decision making depends on

A

Decision consequence

Familiarity with the material

54
Q

Does group decision making ensure we make logical rational decisions

A

No!

55
Q

Group decisions are in group think mode which usually seeks to

A

Don’t make waves, express doubts

56
Q

Group think is

A

Desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision making outcome

57
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

When we don’t feel comfortable with what we think and about what we do actions)

Psyc2022 (11 decks)

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