Intelligence Flashcards
Flexibility is
Many different processes to get a particular job done
Parsimony is the way we
Take economically short-cuts
Learning by mistakes is where
Learning from when things go wrong as well as when they go right
Main criticisms of iq testing is
Very culture biased
Formal intelligence definition
the capacity to learn from experience, using meta cognitive processes to enhance learning and the ability to adapt to the surrounding environment, which may require different adaptations within dif social and cultural contexts.
Meta cognitive processes means
Thinking about your own thinking. Conscious strategies you use to guide you own thinking.
Early intelligence testing focused on
Psychophysical abilities
Psychophysical abilities are:
Just noticeable differences. Differential threshold, sensory acuity, physical strength, motor coordination
Early intelligence was found to be based on your
Physical, psychological and behavioural closely tied up together
Cornflakes were invented to
Cure masturbation in teenagers
Binet developed the first traditional
Iq test (in French schools)
Intelligent behaviour involved 3 processes
Direction, adaptation, criticism
Binets direction
Knowing what has to be done and how to do it
Binets adaptation
Customising a strategy for performing a task and monitoring that strategy while implementing it
Binets criticism
Ability to critique your own thoughts and actions
IQ tests help us to calculate your
Mental age -age at which you’re performing
IQ is the quotient of your
Mental age and chronological age
IQ calculated by
Mental age divided by chronological age x 100
IQ are now calculated using
Standardised norms or population norms
How do we get IQ norms?
Administering tests to 1000’s of the pop
We compare an individual performance to
A standard distribution of scores
Categories in Stanford Binet IQ test
Verbal reasoning
Quantitative reasoning
Abstract reasoning
Short-term memory
Three themes that dominate human cognition
Flexibility
Parsimony
Learning by mistakes
Weshler IQ test took over the
Stanford and Binet IQ test in popularity
Weschler developed this IQ test (Weschler adult intelligence scale) to
Test/screen army recruits
Each Weschler IQ test yields how many broad scores?
3: verbal, performance and overall score
Weschler believed that IQ involved
Much more than performance on his tests
Structure of intelligence is referred to as a
Factor analytic approach
In early days structure of intelligence was measured using
Factor analysis
Spearman proposed the single general factor called
Spearmans g
Underlying spearmans g is the theory that underlying all tests on mental ability is
A general single factor - single type of mental ability
Is there a single cognitive ability that dictates all performance on mental tasks - comes from
Spearmans g
Thurston expanded on spearmans g and added …….more factors
7
What are thurstons first 4 primary mental abilities
Verbal comprehension
Verbal fluency
Inductive reasoning
Spatial visualisation
What the the final 3 of thurstons primary mental abilities
Number
Memory
Perceptual speed
Thurston believed ones overall intellectual profile was based on
The seven primary mental abilities
Thurstons 7 primary mental abilities are
Independent of each other combine to create each persons individual intellectual profile
Guildfords model of intelligence rejected due to
It being too complex with over 150 factors!!!
Meta analysis is a
Statistical technique - (a level above analysis) take existing data collapse them and re-analyse them
By meta analysis Carroll identified
3 stratas
Carrolls 3 stratum are
- Narrow specific abilities (spelling)
- General abilities
- Single general intelligence (ie spearmans g)
Good thing about carrolls strartum
Integrates a large body of literature
Gardners multiple intelligences proses that
Intelligence is not a single unitary construct. 7 diff intelligences
Gardner devised 7 intelligences. They are.
Linguistic Logical-mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily kinesthetic Intrapersonal Interpersonal
Gardener believes you can’t improve one intelligence by
Teaching them another. Ie improve maths by teaching them music
Gardner believes that each intelligences needs to be
Taught individually
Sternberg’s triachic intelligence theory is that
Intelligence consists of 3 abilities
Sternberg’s 3 intelligence abilities
Analytical thinking
Creative thinking
Practical thinking
Sternberg’s creative thinking is also called
Experiential intelligence
Sternberg’s intelligence refers to our ability
To solve problems that require us to think about it and it’s elements in a new way. Inventing, designing, creating
Analytical thinking refers to
Mathematical problems, statistics,
Practical thinking is also referred to as
Contextual intelligence
Practical thinking
Applying knowledge to everyday situations
Componential intelligence is defined as
Ability to think abstractly, process info effectively
Experiential intelligence is defined as
Ability to formulate new ideas, combine seemingly unrelated facts/info
Contextual intelligence is defined as
Ability to adapt to changing environment conditions
Identical twins raised apart still have
High correlation between IQ scores!
Which influences IQ more? Genetics or environment
They both play a role. However genetics stronger
Intelligence results from a complex interaction of
Genetics, physical health, range of socio/cultural variables
Three things impacting on intelligence
Genetics
Health
Socioeconomic status
Two main theoretical categories of emotional intelligence
Mayer & salovery: focus on emotions only
Goleman & bar-on: include other factors (personality - resilience, agreeableness, stability)
Goleman proposes 5 components of emotional intelligence:
Knowing our own emotions Managing our own emotions Motivating ourselves Recognising others emotions Handling relationships: interpersonal intelligence
Tests of emotional intelligence are only measured by
Self-report
Two broad schools of emotional measurement
Self report scales
Msceite
Msceit tests are the
Best tests available to test emotional intelligence
Msceit tests were formed by
Tests of 1000s of population and by experts in the area to come up with performance based scores
