Lecture 7 Attention Flashcards
Attention is a component of
Information processing
Overt attention
If something else in the environment catches your attention. Overtly move eyes to look at it.
Covert attention
Not paying full attention but still aware of it.
Divided attention
Paying attention to more than one thing at a time
Detection can be either
Spot light or object based attention
What is spotlight attention?
Attention like a spotlight. Shine it on a particular area.
In Object based attention you
Pay attention to a particular object not a particular area.
Which one is right? Spotlight or object attention
Both
Ppl tend to use spotlight for
Static scenes with fewer objects
When a scene is dynamic, moving objects and lots of dif focal objects ie David Attenborough then you would adopt
Object attention
Selective attention is
How much of the incoming info you’re going to process.
In early selection theory broadbent was responsible for the
Filter theory
In early selection triesman was responsible for the
Attenuation theory
Early selection filter model
Info processing occurs through stages
4 Stages of the filter system
1 sensory register
2 selective filter
3 perceptual processes
4 ST Memory
Broadbents filter model was supported by the
Dichotomy listening tasks
What is a dichotic listening task?
Headphones. 2 diff messages being spoken into each ear. Asked to repeat only one stream of info. Quizzed on how much info from unattended ear could be remembered.
Cocktail party effect is when
Filtering model not necessarily complete (something’s being linked through). Ie having a convo at a party and hearing your name across the room
Triesmans attenuation theory suggests that (leaky filter model)
Instead of blocking out stimuli, the filter weakens the strength of stimuli other than the target stimuli
Attenuation means
Weakened
Which is true early or late selection?
Both
Both early and late selection happen under different conditions. What are examples of different conditions…
Type of task
Stimuli
Task load
Early task selection might occur when
Task load is high. Need to pay full attention. Or when task is really interesting.
Cog load refers to
Amount of cog resources required to carry out a particular task. Easy task = low load. Etc
Low cog load you need
Extra cog resources to attend to irrelevant info
What type of selection is low cog load
Late selection
What type of selection Is high cog load?
Early selection
High cog load you have less
Cog resources to attend to irrelevant info
Central capacity theory argues that
We have a single cog load capacity that can be used flexibly. Strictly limited resources
Multiple resource theory argues that we have
Separate cog load capacities for visual and auditory modalities
Multiple resource theory best for
More simple tasks
Central capacity theory best for more
Complex tasks.
Consistent mapping condition
Target is always mapped on to a particular group of stimuli
Variable mapping is
When you have are looking for a different target than the previous trial but the previous target is also present in the present trial. Can be a distractor variable
Varied mapping produce worse performance than
Consistent mapping
Controlled processing
Having to pay close attention to search for target at all times. Automaticity never occurs
Practice can only automatise
Some tasks
Tasks that have consistent mapping can achieve
Automaticity
Task that involve variable mapping can not be
Automatised
We can infer what we are attending to by tracking
Eye movements
Saccade means
Rapid shifts of the eyes
Fixations are
Short pauses on points of interest
Complex schematic means ppl will
Fixate on points that are salient/important. Saccade to one piece of info to combine with another piece of info
Bottom up factors are also called
Exogenous factors
Exogenous factors are
Within the environment. About the stimulus.
Stimulus salience are features in the environment that
Stand out from The background. Ie a stop sign
Top down factors are also called
Endogenous
Endogenous factors
Occur internally that guide our info search. Cog concerns etc
Endogenous factors are what we
Think a scene should contain (schemas)
Parallel processing occurs when
You don’t have too much cognitive load with a task so you could probably do another task at the same time
Bottom up processing is very
Feature driven processing
In Conjunction searches ppl are forced to look for a target that has
More than one key feature
Serial processing means you have to
Sort through one item at a time. No pop outs. In conjunction searches
Where’s wally is a type of …………..search
Conjunction search
Conjunction search involves
Careful controlled searching
