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flash > Totally Rejecting Liberalism > Flashcards

Totally Rejecting Liberalism Flashcards

1
Q

marx’s definition of communism

A

classless society in which all people share in the production of goods and NO government is needed

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2
Q

founding values of communism

A
  • well-being of individuals is government’s responsibility
  • collective ownership of production
  • elimination of private property
  • economic equality
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3
Q

what is subsistence agriculture

A

people only farm what they need to survive

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4
Q

what was the czar?

A

powerful monarch in Russia

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5
Q

what did czar alexander II do? what was the response?

A

abolished capital punishment, created local governments, introduced liberal reforms
- was not enough for revolutionary groups, assassinated him
-reforms were reversed, freedoms restricted again

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6
Q

how did the industrial revolution affect russia?

A
  • countries invested in the rapid industrialization of Russia
  • treatment of workers decreased, gap widened, people began to turn to communist ideas
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7
Q

what was the Socialist Democratic Labour Party (SDLP)

A
  • group of marxists in russia, members included: vladimir lenin, leon trotsky, joseph stalin
  • was banned by czar, continued through newspaper
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8
Q

what was bloody sunday?

A
  • march to czar winter palace, demanding better working conditions and good
  • met with soldiers, open fired
    -inspired mass strikes across the country,
  • pressure created first Russian Revolution, gave basic civil rights
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9
Q

who was alexander kerensky, what was his effect?

A
  • without formal leader, temporary government put in place led by him
  • didn’t possess power due to lost support,
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10
Q

who were the bolsheviks

A
  • communist party, led by vladimir lenin
  • eventually gained strength and support to create new russian government
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11
Q

what is leninism?

A
  • lenin’s interpretation of communism
  • believed revolution was necessary to achieve ideal society, (differed from marx)->, communist government was needed.
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12
Q

what was the Red Terror?

A

-after lenin assassination attempt, created campaign to eliminate opposers
- resulted in civil war between bolshevik army (red), and white anti-bolshevik army (which included liberal democratic and capitalist countries)

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13
Q

what was the USSR? what changes were made (4)

A
  • Union of Soviet Socialist, led by Lenin
    Changes:
  • redistribution of land to people
  • factories given to workers to create better conditions and wages
  • men and women considered equal
  • art and music flourished, no more restrictions
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14
Q

what is stalinism

A

-after lenin’s death, new form of communism led by joseph stalin
- influenced by desire to maintain absolute power and control, done by means of fear and oppression rather than revolution and freedom
- turned russia into dictatorship

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15
Q

what are some policies stalin created? (6)

A
  • creation of Gulag for oppositions
  • use of secret police to control people
  • purges, eliminated opponents
  • rewriting of history by altering archives
  • rapid industrialization
  • collectivism of all farms
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16
Q

what was the planned famine (holodomor)

A

-factors: industrialization, higher agricultural output, government ownership of land
- the collectivization policies were mainly designed to suppress ukraine nationalism
- starved between 7 and 10 million
- was internationally recognized as a genocide

17
Q

who was mikhail gorbachev

A
  • first leader who embraced liberalism (glasnost)
  • reformed soviet union’s political and economic systems: moved to market economy, private ownership, multi-party elections
  • restructuring was known as perestroika
18
Q

where does the term fascism come from

A

italian word fascio, latin word faces, sticks bundled around an axe, symbol of power and authority

19
Q

what liberal and communist values did fascism reject

A

liberal: individual rights and freedoms, democracy
communist: egalitarianism (equal rights and opportunities), empowerment of working classes

20
Q

how did fascism grow in popularity

A

many felt liberalism resulted in the first world war, democratic governments were pictures as weak and unstable

21
Q

values and beliefs of fascism

A

society as a whole has a shared purpose, goal of dominating other peoples can only be achieved through discipline, obedience, and creation of all-powerful state

22
Q

what is social darwinism

A

use of darwin’s theory to promote the notion that some individuals or groups achieve power and advantage over others because they are stronger and fitter
- used to justify fascist policies which discriminated against individuals

23
Q

how did the Treaty of Versailles influence fascist germany

A

-forced to sign (under weimar republic)
- majority was aimed at punishing germany for loss and damage of war
- could not afford, stopped paying
- hyperinflation and loss of jobs
- government lost support
- questioned whether liberal values could solve problems, did not want to become communist like russia, began to turn to fascism

24
Q

terms within treaty of versailles (3)

A
  • give up some territory and all overseas colonies
  • accept responsibility for causing all loss and damage to allied governments
  • pay equivalent of 20 billion gold marks to allied governments and addition 80 after
25
Q

how did the rise of hitler and the nazi party occur?

A
  • tried to seize power through force, failed, went to jail and wrote mein kampf
  • promised to use only legal means, was released
  • support for party grew, power and beliefs returned violent
  • blamed germany’s issues on scapegoats: weimar government, communist, jewish population
  • parliament building set on fire, blamed it on communist party, more support grew
  • snap election made him leader, passed enabling act which removed all opposition
26
Q

what techniques did hitler use (5)

A
  • propaganda
  • youth movements
  • elimination of opposition
  • use of terror and force
  • scapegoats
27
Q

what sparked persecution of jewish population

A
  • night of broken glass, assassination of nazi german official by 17 year old jewish youth
  • caused rampage, vandalization, burning shops, homes, and synagogues of Jews
  • beaten, killed, sent to concentration camps, followed was holocaust

flash (14 decks)

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