acids and bases Flashcards
what is the water ionization constant
- Kw
- [H3O][OH] = 1.00 x 10^-14 @ SATP
- ions are in a 1:1 ratio
- concentration = sqrt(1.00x10^-14)
= 1.00 x 10^-7 M - applies to pure water, and solutions that are mostly water (aq)
Kc formula for ionization
Kc = [H3O][OH]
developed a constant for water
basic solution - concentration
- hydroxide ion concentration is greater than 10^-7 M
acidic solution - concentration
- hydronium ion concentration greater than 10^-7 M
Kw ion concentration formulas
H3O = Kw/[OH]
OH = Kw/[H3O]
define bronsted-lowry concept
the idea that the reaction of an acid with a base is a transfer of proton (H+) from the acid to the base
what is a bronsted-lowry acid
proton donor
what is a bronsted-lowry base
proton acceptor
what is the bronsted-lowry equation
equation written to show an acid-base reaction involving the transfer of a proton from one entity (an acid) to another (a base)
what is amphoteric
chemical substance* with the ability to react as either an acid or base
what is amphiprotic?
describes an entity (ion or molecule) having the ability to either accept or donate a proton
strong acid (bronsted-lowry)
- weak attraction for other protons
- weak attraction for its own proton
- stronger it is, the weaker the conjugate base
5-step method for predicting predominant acid-base reaction
(1): list all entities initially present
(2): identify and label all possible aqueous acids and bases using Bronsted-Lowry definitions
(3): identify SA and SB using strength table
(4): write equation showing transfer of one proton from SA to SB, predict conjugate base and acid to be products
(5): predict position of equilibrium
what is the acid ionization constant?
Ka = prod/react
equilibrium constant for the ionization of weak acids
what is the base ionization constant?
kb=kw/ka
equilibrium constant for ionization of weak bases
what is a pH curve
graph showing the continuous change of pH versus the volume of titrant during an acid-base reaction
what is the endpoint?
point in titration where addition of titrant stops, empirically this is the colour change
what is the equivalence point?
point in reaction where equal amounts of reactants have been combined, theoretically defined by stoichiometric ratios
