acids and bases Flashcards
what is the water ionization constant
- Kw
- [H3O][OH] = 1.00 x 10^-14 @ SATP
- ions are in a 1:1 ratio
- concentration = sqrt(1.00x10^-14)
= 1.00 x 10^-7 M - applies to pure water, and solutions that are mostly water (aq)
Kc formula for ionization
Kc = [H3O][OH]
developed a constant for water
basic solution - concentration
- hydroxide ion concentration is greater than 10^-7 M
acidic solution - concentration
- hydronium ion concentration greater than 10^-7 M
Kw ion concentration formulas
H3O = Kw/[OH]
OH = Kw/[H3O]
define bronsted-lowry concept
the idea that the reaction of an acid with a base is a transfer of proton (H+) from the acid to the base
what is a bronsted-lowry acid
proton donor
what is a bronsted-lowry base
proton acceptor
what is the bronsted-lowry equation
equation written to show an acid-base reaction involving the transfer of a proton from one entity (an acid) to another (a base)
what is amphoteric
chemical substance* with the ability to react as either an acid or base
what is amphiprotic?
describes an entity (ion or molecule) having the ability to either accept or donate a proton
strong acid (bronsted-lowry)
- weak attraction for other protons
- weak attraction for its own proton
- stronger it is, the weaker the conjugate base
5-step method for predicting predominant acid-base reaction
(1): list all entities initially present
(2): identify and label all possible aqueous acids and bases using Bronsted-Lowry definitions
(3): identify SA and SB using strength table
(4): write equation showing transfer of one proton from SA to SB, predict conjugate base and acid to be products
(5): predict position of equilibrium
what is the acid ionization constant?
Ka = prod/react
equilibrium constant for the ionization of weak acids
what is the base ionization constant?
kb=kw/ka
equilibrium constant for ionization of weak bases
