Hydrocarbons (2) Flashcards
What are hydrocarbon derivatives
molecular compounds of carbon, usually hydrogen and at least one other element
what are organic halides
organic compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms
properties of organic halides
- polar, nonpolar, or have opp ends
- higher boiling points than similar hydrocarbons
- low solubility in water, but higher than similar hydrocarbon
what is a functional group
characteristic arrangement of atoms within a molecule which determines chemical and physical properties
naming halides
shorten halogen name, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo
what is an addition reaction
unsaturated hydrocarbons react with small diatomic molecules
double/triple bonds converted to single bonds
what is a substitution reaction
breaking a carbon-hydrogen bond in alkane or aromatic ring and replacing with another atom/group of atoms
hydrogen bonds with left over diatomic molecule
what is an alcohol
contain one or more -OH (functional) group
naming alcohols
drop the e, and add -ol to the end
add numbers to indicate position in between name and -ol (eg. propan-1-ol)
primary, secondary and teritary alcohol
primary: carbon atom carrying -OH bonded to one carbon
secondary: carbon atom carrying -OH bonded to two carbon
tertiary: carbon atom carrying -OH bonded to 3 carbon
what is an elimination reaction
involves eliminating atoms and/or groups from adjacent carbon atoms in organic molecule
single bonds –> double bonds (between carbons)
what are carboxylic acids? + naming
contain -COOH -carboxyl (functional) group
replace e with -oic acid
what is a condensation reaction
carboxylic acid combines with another reactant to form organic compounds and another (usually water)
what is an ester
contains -COOR- group
*r is alkyl branch
replace oic with oate
what is an esterfication reation
condensation reaction forming ester and water
