Introduction to Ideologies Flashcards
what is collectivism
places the needs of the collective, or group, before any individual member of the group.
what is individualism
value the individual over a whole group
what is the ‘grey’ area
when you share both collectivist and individualistic viewpoints, see both sides of an issue
what are factors that influence beliefs and values (7)
culture, language, religion and spirituality, environment and relationship to the land, gender, media, ideology
Who were the famous five?
when emily murphy was appointed a judge, but challenged by male lawyers, her and 4 women came to enforce women’s rights.
Who were the Kuwaiti women
voted alongside men for the first time to elect a new parliament in 2006
what are the themes of ideology? (4)
nation, religion, class, relationship to the land and envrionment
what are characteristics about ideology? (4)
interpretation of history, beliefs about human nature, beliefs about society, visions for the future
who was Thomas Hobbes
-English philosopher
- believed human nature is negative, is dangerous to allow humans freedom to do what they want
- need dictator, not possible to have freedom and security
indiviudalist
who was John Locke?
-English philosopher
- believed people are rational and intelligent
- government exists to protect life, liberty, and property
- actions have to be approved by popular consent, believed in democracy
Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau
-philosopher
- believed people are good, btu corrupted by society
- strip humans of all negative influence
- people were absolute authority, people should be free
what are economic structures?
system or approach for making a decision, e.g. capitalism/private or public hospitals
what are informal social structures?
unwritten rules understood by people, e.g. respect for elders, manners
what are political structures?
political system or approach for a particular country or society, e.g. dictatorship or democracy
what is liberalism
importance of individual liberty, individual rights and freedoms
what is a liberal democracy
form of government in which freedoms and rights are guaranteed
what are some political roots of liberalism?
- american revolution, declaration of independence
- french revolution: tried to abolish classes , declaration of rights of man
what is the rule of law?
idea that the law, and not individuals, has the greatest power, all individuals are subject to the law
what is a social contract?
each individual of a society agrees to be governed so that they may gain the benefits living in that society
what are some economic roots of liberalism?
-mercantilism didn’t benefit working class
-free market economy proposed in wealth of nations, people were to act out of self-interest (adam smith)
influenced modern economy
what are some values of individualism?
economic freedom, self-interest, competition, private property
what is a collective
group of any size
what is collectivism
emphasizes the role of human interdependence in society; idea that individuals do not live their lives in isolation but rather depend on each other
what is common good
focus on the needs of the community rather than individual alone
what is collective interest
goal or ideal that all members of a group pursue that benefits the group as a whole
what is collective responsiblity
group’s responsibility for the actions of all its individuals, notion that individuals have a responsibility to the group rather than themselves
what is crown land?
government owned large areas of land, can be rented or leased back to citizens to benefit them economically
what are crown corporations?
formed to serve common good, include schools, hospitals, roads
what is privatization?
transfer of property or resources from public or government control to private control
what is a co-operative?
enterprise that is owned and operated by a group of people for their mutual benefit, e.g. daycare
what is adherence to collective norms
way to examine to what extent individuals are adopting a similar collective behaviour, value system, and overall attitude.
what is communism?
aims to bring equality for all workers by abolishing capitalist system, public ownership, everyone works together, left wing, collectivist
what is socialism?
aims to promote the good of society by combining free enterprise with government intervention. left wing, but believe communism involves too much government, people should be able to benefit from their work
what is liberalism
attempt to balance free enterprise with collectivist programs, government intervention acceptable to manage economy, middle on spectrum
what is conservatism?
market should essentially be free from government, some regulation acceptable if they serve public interest, right wing, but not as right as classical liberalism
what is classical liberalism?
any government intervention is disruptive to the economy, free-market system, people will work to pursue self-interest, complete right wing
who was Karl Marx?
- philosopher
-wrote communist manifesto, proposed communism over capitalism, classless society where everyone worked together, one of the most influencer figures during classical liberalism.
what is fascism
collectivist ideology, citizen obedience towards dictator government, maintains free enterprise and private business, highly militaristic, unquestioned allegiance to leader
what is a centrally planned economy?
price, allocation, and distribution of products, services, and goods are determined by the government
