Introduction to Ideologies Flashcards

1
Q

what is collectivism

A

places the needs of the collective, or group, before any individual member of the group.

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2
Q

what is individualism

A

value the individual over a whole group

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3
Q

what is the ‘grey’ area

A

when you share both collectivist and individualistic viewpoints, see both sides of an issue

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4
Q

what are factors that influence beliefs and values (7)

A

culture, language, religion and spirituality, environment and relationship to the land, gender, media, ideology

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5
Q

Who were the famous five?

A

when emily murphy was appointed a judge, but challenged by male lawyers, her and 4 women came to enforce women’s rights.

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6
Q

Who were the Kuwaiti women

A

voted alongside men for the first time to elect a new parliament in 2006

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7
Q

what are the themes of ideology? (4)

A

nation, religion, class, relationship to the land and envrionment

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8
Q

what are characteristics about ideology? (4)

A

interpretation of history, beliefs about human nature, beliefs about society, visions for the future

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9
Q

who was Thomas Hobbes

A

-English philosopher
- believed human nature is negative, is dangerous to allow humans freedom to do what they want
- need dictator, not possible to have freedom and security
indiviudalist

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10
Q

who was John Locke?

A

-English philosopher
- believed people are rational and intelligent
- government exists to protect life, liberty, and property
- actions have to be approved by popular consent, believed in democracy

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11
Q

Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

-philosopher
- believed people are good, btu corrupted by society
- strip humans of all negative influence
- people were absolute authority, people should be free

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12
Q

what are economic structures?

A

system or approach for making a decision, e.g. capitalism/private or public hospitals

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13
Q

what are informal social structures?

A

unwritten rules understood by people, e.g. respect for elders, manners

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14
Q

what are political structures?

A

political system or approach for a particular country or society, e.g. dictatorship or democracy

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15
Q

what is liberalism

A

importance of individual liberty, individual rights and freedoms

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16
Q

what is a liberal democracy

A

form of government in which freedoms and rights are guaranteed

17
Q

what are some political roots of liberalism?

A
  • american revolution, declaration of independence
  • french revolution: tried to abolish classes , declaration of rights of man
18
Q

what is the rule of law?

A

idea that the law, and not individuals, has the greatest power, all individuals are subject to the law

19
Q

what is a social contract?

A

each individual of a society agrees to be governed so that they may gain the benefits living in that society

20
Q

what are some economic roots of liberalism?

A

-mercantilism didn’t benefit working class
-free market economy proposed in wealth of nations, people were to act out of self-interest (adam smith)
influenced modern economy

21
Q

what are some values of individualism?

A

economic freedom, self-interest, competition, private property

22
Q

what is a collective

A

group of any size

23
Q

what is collectivism

A

emphasizes the role of human interdependence in society; idea that individuals do not live their lives in isolation but rather depend on each other

24
Q

what is common good

A

focus on the needs of the community rather than individual alone

25
Q

what is collective interest

A

goal or ideal that all members of a group pursue that benefits the group as a whole

26
Q

what is collective responsiblity

A

group’s responsibility for the actions of all its individuals, notion that individuals have a responsibility to the group rather than themselves

27
Q

what is crown land?

A

government owned large areas of land, can be rented or leased back to citizens to benefit them economically

28
Q

what are crown corporations?

A

formed to serve common good, include schools, hospitals, roads

29
Q

what is privatization?

A

transfer of property or resources from public or government control to private control

30
Q

what is a co-operative?

A

enterprise that is owned and operated by a group of people for their mutual benefit, e.g. daycare

31
Q

what is adherence to collective norms

A

way to examine to what extent individuals are adopting a similar collective behaviour, value system, and overall attitude.

32
Q

what is communism?

A

aims to bring equality for all workers by abolishing capitalist system, public ownership, everyone works together, left wing, collectivist

33
Q

what is socialism?

A

aims to promote the good of society by combining free enterprise with government intervention. left wing, but believe communism involves too much government, people should be able to benefit from their work

34
Q

what is liberalism

A

attempt to balance free enterprise with collectivist programs, government intervention acceptable to manage economy, middle on spectrum

35
Q

what is conservatism?

A

market should essentially be free from government, some regulation acceptable if they serve public interest, right wing, but not as right as classical liberalism

36
Q

what is classical liberalism?

A

any government intervention is disruptive to the economy, free-market system, people will work to pursue self-interest, complete right wing

37
Q

who was Karl Marx?

A
  • philosopher
    -wrote communist manifesto, proposed communism over capitalism, classless society where everyone worked together, one of the most influencer figures during classical liberalism.
38
Q

what is fascism

A

collectivist ideology, citizen obedience towards dictator government, maintains free enterprise and private business, highly militaristic, unquestioned allegiance to leader

39
Q

what is a centrally planned economy?

A

price, allocation, and distribution of products, services, and goods are determined by the government