Torches + other rando

Question 1

chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

Answer 1

toxo

Question 2

cataracts, deafness, PDA +/- blueberry muffin rash

Answer 2

rubella

Question 3

hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, blueberry muffin rash, periventricular calcifications

Answer 3

CMV

Question 4

notched teeth, saddle nose, saber shins, CNVIII deafness

Answer 4

syphilis (often results in hydrops)

Question 5

segmented viruses

Answer 5

BOAR (bunya, ortho, arena, reo)

Question 6

naked RNA viruses

Answer 6

reo, picorna, hepe, calici

Question 7

(-) ssRNA viruses

Answer 7

PROF (ortho, para, rhabdo, filo) - think “profide” own RNA pol

Question 8

enveloped dsDNA viruses

Answer 8

herpes, pox, hepadna (HBV)

Question 9

cGMP pathway

Answer 9

ANP, BNP, NO

Question 10

intracellular receptor pathway

Answer 10

steroids, T3/T4, Vit D

Question 11

receptor tyrosine kinase pathway

Answer 11

insulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF, EGF (all the GFs)

MAPK

Question 12

nonreceptor tyrosine kinase

Answer 12

prolactin, immunomodulators (IL-2, IL-6, etc), GH, G-CSF, EPO, thrombopoietin

(JAK/STAT)

Question 13

IP3 pathway

Answer 13

GnRH, oxytocin, ADH (V1), TRH, H1, AT-II, Gastrin

post pit, hypothal

Question 14

cAMP pathway

Answer 14

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, CRH, hCG, ADH (V2), MSH, PTH, calcitonin, GHRH, glucagon, H2

FLAT ChAMP

Question 15

Ethosuximide MOA

Answer 15

blocks T-type Ca2+ channels - use for absence seizures

Question 16

Benzo MOA

Answer 16

facilitate GABA action by inc freq of Cl- channel opening

Question 17

phenobarbital MOA

Answer 17

facilitate GABA action by inc duration of Cl- channel opening

Question 18

anti-epileptic MOA

Answer 18

most block Na+ channels

• barbiturates + benzos activate Cl- channels
• ethosuximide blocks T-type Ca2+ channels

Question 19

treatment of status epilepticus

Answer 19

benzos, (phenytoin for prophylaxis)

Question 20

1st line for tonic-clonic seizures

Answer 20

valproate, phenytoin