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First Aid Rapid Review > Classic labs/findings > Flashcards

Classic labs/findings Flashcards

1
Q

dec AFP in amniotic fluid

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities (high hCG + inhibin)

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2
Q

large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

chediak-higashi (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

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3
Q

recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

wiskott-aldrich syndrome

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4
Q

branching G+ rods w/ sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii

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5
Q

optochin response

A

resistant: viridans strep
sensitive: strep pneumo
OVRPS

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6
Q

novobiocin response

A

resistant: staph saprophyticus
sensitive: staph epidermidis

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7
Q

bacitracin response

A

resistant: s. agalactiae (GBS)
sensitive: s. pyo (GAS)
BBRAS

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8
Q

strep bovis bacteremia

A

colon cancer

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9
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lungs

A

ghon complex (primary TB)

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10
Q

bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells

A

clue cells (gardnerella)

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11
Q

ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS

A

toxo, CNS lymphoma

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12
Q

cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy

A

chagas disease

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13
Q

heterophile Abs

A

infectious mono (EBV)

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14
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

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15
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

councilman body (viral hep, yellow fever) - hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

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16
Q

steeple sign on frontal CXR

A

croup (parainfluenza virus)

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17
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

negri bodies of rabies

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18
Q

atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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19
Q

enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

Owl-eye appearance of CMV

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20
Q

thumb sign on lateral neck x-ray

A

epiglottitis (H flu)

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21
Q

delta wave on ECG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

A

WPW (bundle of kent bypasses AV node)

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22
Q

boot-shaped heart on Xray

A

ToF (due to RV hypertrophy)

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23
Q

rib notching (inferior surface, on x-ray)

A

coarctation of the aorta

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24
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

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25
Q

electrical alternans

A

pericardial tamponade

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26
Q

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

primary hyperaldo (Conn syndrome)

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27
Q

enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground-glass nuclei w/ central clearing

A

“orphan annie” eyes (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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28
Q

MPO/p-ANCA

A

microscopic polyangiitis, EGPA (PSC)

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29
Q

PR3/c-ANCA

A

GPA

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30
Q

anti-TTG/gliadin/endomysial Abs

A

celiac

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31
Q

mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus

A

“signet ring” (gastric carcinoma)

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32
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

string sign - Crohns

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33
Q

lead pipe appearance of colon on abd imaging

A

UC

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34
Q

thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

FAP (APC mutation)

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35
Q

apple-core lesion on barium enema xray

A

colorectal cancer (L sided)

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36
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion on liver cell

A

mallory body (alcoholic liver dz)

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37
Q

TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver dz

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38
Q

“nutmeg” liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver due to RHF or budd chiari

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39
Q

anti-mitochondrial Abs

A

PBC (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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40
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

wilson dz

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41
Q

migratory thrombophlebitis

A

troussea syndrome (pancreatic adenocarcinoma or lung)

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42
Q

basophilic nuclear remnant in RBCs

A

howell-jolly bodies (due to asplenia)

43
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Fe-def anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia

44
Q

crew-cut appearance on x-ray

A

B-thal, SS disease (marrow expansion)

45
Q

basophilic stippling

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

46
Q

hypersegmented PMNs

A

B12 def, folate def (no neuro)

47
Q

anti-platelet Abs

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

48
Q

high level of D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

49
Q

giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusions

A

RS cells - hodgkin lymphoma

50
Q

sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells w/ scattered pale, tingible-body macrophages

A

burkitt lymphoma (t8;14 - c-myc, assoc w/ EBV)

51
Q

lytic bone lesions on xray

A

multiple myeloma

52
Q

monoclonal Ab spike

A
  • multiple myeloma
  • MGUS
  • waldenstrom (IgM)
  • primary amyloidosis
53
Q

stack of RBCs

A

rouleax - high ESR or multiple myeloma

54
Q

azurophilic peroxidase(+) granular inclusions in granulocytes + myeloblasts

A

auer rods (AML)

55
Q

smudge cells

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

56
Q

tennis racket-shaped cytoplasmic organelles

A

birbeck granules - langerhan cell histiocytosis

57
Q

“brown” bone tumor

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

58
Q

raised periosteum (codman triangle)

A

aggressive bone lesion (eg. osteosarcoma, ewing, osteomyelitis)

59
Q

“soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

giant cell tumor of bone

60
Q

“onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma

61
Q

anti-IgG Abs

62
Q

rhomboid crystals, + birefringent

A

pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

63
Q

needle-shaped, - birefringent crystals

A

gout (monosodium urate crystals)

64
Q

inc uric acid levels

A

gout, lesch-nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop + thiazide diuretics

65
Q

bamboo spine on x-ray

A

ankylosing spondylitis (HLA-B27)

66
Q

ANAs - anti-smith + anti-dsDNA

A

SLE (type III HSR)

67
Q

anti-topoisomerase Abs

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

68
Q

bloody or yellow tap on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage - yellow is xanthochromia

69
Q

antihistone Abs

A

drug-induced SLE (HIP hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide)

70
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

A

Lewy body (parkinsons + LBD)

71
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

senile plaques (AD)

72
Q

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

parkinsons

73
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

neurofibrillary tangles (AD) + pick bodies (pick dz)

74
Q

silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

pick bodies (pick dz: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

75
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

76
Q

circular group of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

homer-wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

77
Q

waxy casts w/ low urine flow

A

chronic end stage renal dz

78
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

glomerulonephritis

79
Q

tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular BM on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

80
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

kimmelstiel-wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

81
Q

spikes on BM, dome-like subepithelial deposits

A

membranous nephropathy

82
Q

anti-glomerular BM Abs

A

goodpasture

83
Q

cellular crescents on bowman capsule

84
Q

“wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (lupus)

85
Q

lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on IF

A

PSGN (deposition of IgG, IgM, C3)

86
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) + necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

GPA or goodpasture

87
Q

thyroidization of kidney

A

chronic pyelo

88
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelo

89
Q

renal epithelial casts in urine (muddy casts)

A

intrinsic renal failure (ischemic or toxic tubular necrosis)

90
Q

elevated hCG

A

chorio, mole

91
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ raisin nuclei + hyperchromasia

A

koilocytes (HPV)

92
Q

psammoma bodies

A

meningiomas, mesothelioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium + ovary

93
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collectuons of eosinophilic fluid

A

call-exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor)

94
Q

blue dome cyst in mammary gland

A

fibrocystic change of the breast

95
Q

glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

schiller-duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

96
Q

rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in leydig cells

A

reinke crystals (leydig cell tumor)

97
Q

thrombi made of white/red layers

A

lines of zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

98
Q

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma (charcot-leyden crystals)

99
Q

desquamated epithelial casts in sputum

A

curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma)

100
Q

honeycomb lung on CXR or CT

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

101
Q

colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

102
Q

iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)

103
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain)

First Aid Rapid Review (8 decks)

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