topography of the brain Flashcards
what cranial nerves originate in the brainstem?
all except 1 and 2
what are the functions of the brainstem?
pathway for fibre tracts running between higher and lower centres
brainstem centres produce the rigidly programmed automatic behaviours essential for survival
what cranial nerves come off the medulla?
9,10,11,12
what connects the medulla to the cerebellum?
inferior cerebellar peduncle
how many cerebellar peduncles are there?
3
what foramen does the medulla pass through to continue as the spinal cord?
foramen magnum
where is the IV ventricle in relation to the pons?
posterior
what cranial nerves originate from the pons?
V, VI, VII, VIII
what are some surface features of the pons.
middle cerebellar peduncle
what does the midbrain develop from?
mesencephalon
what is the central cavity of the midbrain?
cerebral aqueduct
what are some surface features of the midbrain?
cerebral peduncle
superior cerebellar peduncle
corpora quadrigemina (superior and inferior colliculus)
origin of CN nerve 3 and 4
what surrounds grey matter?
white matter with embedded nuclei
what separates the hemispheres of the brain?
vermis
what lobes are present in each hemisphere?
anterior
posterior
flocculonodular
what connects the cerebellum to the brainstem?
cerebellar peduncles
what is a sulci?
groove or furrow, especially one on the surface of the brain
what is a folium?
a wrinkle (gyrus) on the surface of the cerebellum
what are the functions of the cerebellum?
posture maintenance
fine tuning motor activity
what are three tests that can be used to try and help diagnose ataxia?
finger-nose test
knee - heel test
walking in a straight line
where is the diencephalon located?
deep within the cerebral hemispheres around the third ventricle xd
what does the diencephalon develop from?
diencephalic vesicle
what are the paired structures of the diencephalon?
thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus (pineal gland)
what is the hypothalamus essential for?
homeostasis
what are the roles of the hypothalmus?
autonomic control centre body temp regulation regulation of food intake regulation of water balance and thirst regulation of sleep wake cycle control of endocrine system functioning
what blood vessels supply the brain?
internal carotid arteries
vertebral arteries
what foramen do the internal carotid arteries enter the skull via?
foramen lacerum (carotid canal)
what foramen do the vertebral arteries pass through to get to the brain?
foramen magnum
what are the branches of the internal carotid artery?
anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
posterior communicating
what artery is formed by the joining of the vertebral arteries?
basilar artery
where is the basilar artery located?
ventral surface of the brainstem
where does the basilar artery end?
ends at the midbrain by dividing into the two posterior cerebral arteries
what do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?
posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere
what is the circle of willis?
branches of the ICA join with those of the opposite side and with the PCA to form a continuous circle at the base of the brain
what is the purpose of the circle of willis?
protective feature against vasoocclusion of large arteries
what does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres excluding occipital lobe
what does the middle cerebral artery supply?
lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres
what does the posterior cerebral artery supply/
inferior aspect of cerebral hemispheres and occipital lobe
where are the venous sinuses of the brain located?
between 2 layers of the dura mater
where do the dural venous sinuses drain to?
internal jugular veins
what is the function of the cerebellum?
co ordinates movements
