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neurology > cerebral hemispheres > Flashcards

cerebral hemispheres Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cavity in each hemisphere of the brain called?

A

lateral ventricle

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2
Q

what is the fissure in the centre of the brain called?

A

median longitudinal fissure

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3
Q

what are 2 important anatomical landmarks of the brain?

A

median longitudinal fissure

corpus callosum

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4
Q

what gyri lie in the frontal lobe?

A

precentral gyrus
superior frontal gyrus
middle frontal gyrus
inferior frontal gyrus

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5
Q

what gyrus lies in the parietal lobe?

A

postcentral gyrus

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6
Q

what separates the precentral and postcentral gyri?

A

central sulcus

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7
Q

what separates the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

parieto - occipital sulcus

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8
Q

what is the function of the corpus callosum?

A

connects the 2 hemispheres

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9
Q

what gyri lie in the temporal lobe?

A

superior temporal gyrus
middle temporal gyri
inferior temporal gyri

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10
Q

what are the 2 lobules in the parietal lobe?

A

superior and inferior parietal lobule

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11
Q

what is the insula?

A

a region of the brain deep in the cerebral cortex

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12
Q

what is the sensory part of the brain?

A

posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere

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13
Q

what is the motor part of the brain?

A

anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere

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14
Q

what is the function of the limbic system? (medial portion of cerebral hemisphere)

A

storage and retrieval of processed information

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15
Q

what is contained within the precentral gyrus?

A

primary motor cortex

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16
Q

what numbered area of the brain is the precentral gyrus located in?

A

area 4

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17
Q

what is the function of the primary motor cortex?

A

somatotopic representation of contralateral half of the body

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18
Q

what area of the brain is brocas area in?

A

44/45 (inferior frontal gyrus)

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19
Q

what is the function of brocas area?

A

associated with speech

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20
Q

what is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

A

cognitive functions of higher order- intellect,judgement, prediction,planning

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21
Q

what is the primary sensory area of the brain?

A

post central gyrus

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22
Q

what numbered areas of the brain does the post central gyrus occupy?

A

1
2
3

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23
Q

what is the function of the primary sensory area?

A

receives general sensations from contralateral half of the body

24
Q

what is the function of the superior parietal lobule?

A

interpretation of general sensory information (sensory association area) and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body

25
Q

what is the function of the inferior parietal lobule?

A

interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association area - contributes to language function in dominant hemisphere

26
Q

what are some symptoms of a parietal lobe lesion?

A

hemisensory neglect
agnosia
acalculia
agraphia

27
Q

what numbered areas of the brain is the superior temporal gyrus located in?

A

41,42

28
Q

what is contained within the superior temporal gyrus?

A

primary auditory cortex

29
Q

where are the auditory association areas located?

A

posterior to the superior temporal gyrus

30
Q

what is wernickes area?

A

an area posterior to the superior temporal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere of the brain

31
Q

what is the function of wernickes area?

A

crucial for understanding of the spoken word

32
Q

what is the function of the inferior surface of the temporal lobe?

A

receives fibres from the olfactory tract - contributes to conscious appreciation of smell

33
Q

where is the primary visual cortex located?

A

on the medial surface of the occipital lobe, on either side of the calcarine sulcus (area 17)

34
Q

where is the visual association cortex located?

A

all of the occipital love that is not the primary visual cortex (areas 18.19)

35
Q

what is the function of the visual association cortex?

A

interpretation of visual images

36
Q

what areas of the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres contribute to forming the limbic lobe?

A

cingulate gyrus
hippocampus
parahippocampal gyrus
amygdala

37
Q

what is the amygdala?

A

subcortical grey matter close to the temporal pole

38
Q

what is aphasia?

A

problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas of the brain

39
Q

what are some characteristics of brocas aphasia?

A

understands speech
misses small words
aware of difficulties in speech
weakness/paralysis of one side of body

40
Q

what part of the brain is damaged in brocas aphasia?

A

frontal lobe

41
Q

what are some characteristics of wernickes aphasia?

A

fluent speech with new meaningless words
cant understand speech
doesnt know of mistakes
no paralysis

42
Q

what part of the brain is damaged in wernickes aphasia?

A

temporal lobe

43
Q

what are the 3 types of myelinated axon fibres that are bundled into tracts?

A

commisural fibres
association fibres
projection fibres

44
Q

what is the function of commisural fibres?

A

connect corresponding areas of the two hemispheres

45
Q

what is the function of association fibres?

A

connect one part of the cortex with the other - can be short or long

46
Q

what is the function of projection fibres?

A

run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres

47
Q

what is the internal capsule made of?

A

projection fibres passing to and from the cerebral cortex

48
Q

where is the internal capsule located?

A

narrow area between the thalamus and caudate nucleus medially and the lentiform nucleus laterally

49
Q

what are basal ganglia?

A

collection of grey matter deep within each cerebral hemisphere

50
Q

what makes up basal ganglia?

A 
caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
substantia nigra
subthalamic nucleii
51
Q

what forms the lentiform nucleus?

A

the putamen and globus pallidus

52
Q

what are the “input regions” of the basal ganglia?

A

caudate nucleus

putamen

53
Q

what do the input regions of the basal ganglia receive input from?

A

motor cortex
premotor cortex
thalamus

54
Q

what are the “output regions” of the basal ganglia?

A

globus pallidus

substantia nigra

55
Q

where does the globus pallidus project to primarily?

A

thalamus

56
Q

what is the major function of the basal ganglia?

A

initiation and termination of movements

57
Q

what is another name for the basal ganglia?

A

extrapyramidal system

neurology (29 decks)

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