the spinal cord and periphery

Question 1

what part of the spinal cord contains grey matter?

Answer 1

central part

Question 2

what part of the spinal cord contains white matter?

Answer 2

peripheral parts

Question 3

what are the two areas of grey matter?

Answer 3

dorsal and ventral horns

Question 4

what is contained within the dorsal horn?

Answer 4

the axons of sensory fibres enter through the dorsal root into the dorsal horn of grey matter

Question 5

what is contained within the ventral horn?

Answer 5

motor neuron cell bodies

Question 6

what is a tract?

Answer 6

axons transmitting information between higher centres in the brain and peripheral nerves

Question 7

what kind of information do ascending tracts carry?

Answer 7

sensory

Question 8

what kind of information do descending tracts carry?

Answer 8

motor

Question 9

what are the 3 columns that white matter is arranged in?

Answer 9

posterior
lateral
anterior

Question 10

what are some common features of ascending spinal tracts?

Answer 10

there are 3 neurons between the peripheral receptor and cortex
at the synapse between the 3rd order neuron and the 2nd order neuron the 2nd order neuron crosses over to the contralateral side in the spinal cord or medulla

Question 11

what makes up the posterior column?

Answer 11

gracile and cuneate fasciculi

Question 12

what afferent information is carried to the brain via the posterior column?

Answer 12

fine touch
tactile localisation
vibration sense
proprioception

Question 13

what does the lateral spinothalmic tract on the right side of the body transmit?

Answer 13

pain and temperature from the left side of the body (and vice versa)

Question 14

where do the descending tracts of the spinal cord originate?

Answer 14

cerebral cortex and brainstem

Question 15

how many neurons do descending tracts that originate in the spinal cord have in their pathway?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

where do descending tracts decussate?

Answer 16

they decussate to the opposite side in the brainstem

Question 17

what does the pyramidal tract control?

Answer 17

voluntary skilled movements

Question 18

what supplies the pyramidal tract?

Answer 18

middle cranial artery

Question 19

where do the corticobulbar fibres terminate?

Answer 19

brainstem

Question 20

where do the corticospinal fibres terminate?

Answer 20

spinal cord

Question 21

what is the lower motor neuron responsible for?

Answer 21

muscle tone and reflexes

Question 22

what happens if the UMN is damaged with the LMN intact?

Answer 22

reflexes and tone are exaggerated

Question 23

what is a reflex?

Answer 23

an involuntary stereotyped pattern of response brought about by a sensory stimulus

Question 24

where are spinal reflexes mediated?

Answer 24

level of the spinal cord

Question 25

what does the autonomic nervous system refer to?

Answer 25

nerve cells concerned with innvervation and control of visceral organs, smooth muscles and secretory glandds