Topographical anatomy and the clinical examination

Question 1

What are the 3 planes of referenece?

Answer 1

Dorsal plane - Divides the body into ventral/dorsal portions

Median plane- Divides the body or organ into right and left
sides is down the middle of the body creating
equal parts

Transverse plane- Divides the body into cranial/caudal portions

Question 2

the heart is ________ to the liver?

The caudal surface of the forelimb below the carpus is know as the _________ surface

The stomach side of a dog is called the _______ surface

The tail is _________ to the head

The spine is ____________to the belly

The sternum is _______________to the heart

The stifle is located on the _________aspect of the hindleg

The accessory carpel bone is __________to the elbow

Answer 2

1. cranial
2. palmer
3. ventral
4. caudal
5. dorsal
6. ventral
7. cranial
8. distal

Question 3

How many seperate bones does the skull have?

Answer 3

37-38 bones

Question 4

What is Class 2 and class 3 malocclusion?

Answer 4

1. class 2 = The mandible is too short relative to the maxilla; therefore the mandibular incisors do not touch the
   cingulum of the maxillary incisors
2. class 3 = It is the opposite condition to class II malocclusion. The mandible is too long in relation to the maxilla. In
   fact, most of the time, it is the maxilla that is too short.

Question 5

What are the important landmarks to feel while doing a clinical exam?

Answer 5

1. superficial lymph nodes - filtration units of the body, located in various areas
2. lumbar region
3. abdominal region - thoracic, lumbar, pelvic
4. chest
5. abdomen
6. pelvis

Question 6

What areas superficial lymph nodes located?

Answer 6

1. parotid
2. submandibular
3. prescapular
4. axillary
5. inguinal
6. popliteal

Question 7

What areas of the lumbar region?

Answer 7

1. cervical (7)
2. thoracic (13)
3. Lumbar (7)
4. Sacral (3) - fused
5. coccygeal ( depends on tail length)

Question 8

What are areas of the chest?

Answer 8

1. ribs
2. costal cartilage
3. costochondral junction
4. sternum

Question 9

Where is the best location to hear the heart auscultation?

Answer 9

RIght side - can hear aortic value at 2nd intercostal space`

Question 10

Where is the best location for the lung sounds?

Answer 10

Ventrallly sternum - around heart and just above

Middle - centre of chest (laterally 13th rib by costochondral junctions)

Dorsally- thoracic vertbra - closer to spine