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VETS2001 > Preventative health > Flashcards

Preventative health Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we vaccinate?

A

PRevents disease, cretes individual animal immunity and provides herd immunity

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2
Q

Who organises the vaccination guidelines?

A

WSAVA vaccincation guidelines 2016

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3
Q

What are core vaccinations for dogs

A

Canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus.

C3

Potentially fatal diseases
Vaccination offers good protection (sterile immunity)
Maternal antibodies interfere with vaccine-induced immunity
Modified live vaccine (MLV)

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4
Q

What are core vaccinations for cats?

A

Feline parvovirus, feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus

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5
Q

What are the most common types of vaccinations sin small animal practices?

A

subcutaneous and intranasal

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6
Q

What are methods of vaccinations?

A

Other methods
 Oral
 Intramuscular
 Intradermal
 Transdermal

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7
Q

What is the difference between core and non core vacciantions

A

Core
- Protect animals from severe, life threatening
diseases which have global distribution
- Aim to vaccinate ALL dogs with core vaccines
- Rabies is considered core where regionally
appropriate

non-core
Those required by animals whose geographical
location, local environment or lifestyle places them
at risk of contracting specific infections

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8
Q

What are the symptoms for canine distemper virus?

A

Coughing/dyspnoea
Vomiting/diarrhoea
Hyperkeratosis
- nose and footp`ads
Enamel hypoplasia

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9
Q

What are the symptoms for parovirus?

A

Vomiting/diarrhoea +/
- blood
Anorexia
Reduced White Blood Cells
Destroyed intestinal lining

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10
Q

What are symptoms for canine hepatitis?

A

Fever
Enlarged liver
Icterus/Jaundice
‘Blue eye’
Pneumonia

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11
Q

when is the recommended time to give
1. distemper and hepatitis
2. parvovirus

A
  1. 14-16 weeks
  2. 18 weeks

important to get in the window o f susceptibility when maternal antibodies decrease to a point they no longer protect the puppy

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12
Q

What are non-core vaccincations?

A

Infectious Tracheobronchitis = Kennel Cough = Canine Cough

  • Parainfluenza (C3 + PI = C4)
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica (C4 + BB = C5)
    = C5

Leptospira interrogans
Many serovars (up to 200 worldwide)
- Serovars available in vaccines
- copenhagi, canicola, icterohaemorrhagica
- vs serovar L. Australis (FNQ)

Coronavirus
- Mild, self limiting disease in young puppies

= C7 (C5 + lepto + CV = C7)

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13
Q

Kennel cough is a non-core vaccination, what types of vaccines are there?

A
  1. Bordetella modified live vaccine = delivered intranasally and orally
  2. Bordetella killed vaccine = delivered by subcutaneous injection (two doses required)
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14
Q

When should the following modified live vaccinations be given?

DHP (CS)
DHP + KC (C5)
DHP (C3)

DHP (C3)+ KC(C5) - booster

A

6 – 8 weeks – DHP (C3)
10 – 12 weeks – DHP + KC (C5)
16 weeks – DHP (C3)
3 or 4 doses finishing at 16 weeks

15 months – DHP (C3) + KC (C5)
- This booster acts to complete the primary vaccination course
- OR booster DHP (C3) at 6 months
- ‘mops up’ the non responders affected by maternal antibodies etc in
primary course

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15
Q

When do you give adult dogs modified live vaccines?

A

6 or 15 months - DHP +KC (C5)

then 6 monthly to annual KC and 3 yearly DHP

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16
Q

What is LEPTO?

A

zoonotic disease - potentially fatal as dialysis is often required

annual vaccination but has adverse reactions

Vaccine only offers serogroup specific protection

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17
Q

What are side effects can animal get from vaccinations? amd how can you prefer this

A

anaphylactic reactions

solutions is to give C3 to small puppies instead of C4 or C5
avoid injectables PI/BB and use intranasal

risk of Immune mediated diseases

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18
Q

which parasites do we routine protect against?

A

Intestinal Worms
- Roundworm
- Hookworm
- Whipworm
- Tapeworm

Heartworm
Fleas

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19
Q

WHy are ticks, mites and lice no included in the routine protection?

A

based on geography, age, husbandry, exposure

20
Q

What are the clinical signs and lifecycles of hookworm?

A

Diarrhoea +/- blood
- Vomiting
- Anaemia

2-3weeks

21
Q

What are the clinical signs and lifecycles of roundworm?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Ill thrift
  • Small intestinal obstruction

2-4 weeks

22
Q

What are the clinical signs and lifecycles of tapeworm?

A
  • Scooting
  • Proglottids in faeces
  • Large infestations can cause
    vomiting
  • Potentially zoonotic

2-3weeks

23
Q

What are the clinical signs and lifecycles of whipworm?

A
  • Asymptomatic
  • Haemorrhagic diarrhoea +/- mucous
  • Severe cases- weight loss,
    dehydration, anemia, and in the most
    extreme cases, death

10-12 weeks

24
Q

When should intestinal worming be done?

A

Puppies
- Worm every 2 weeks until 12 weeks old
- Worm every month until 6 months old

6 months
Traditional recommendation:
- Worm every 3 months

Pregnant & Lactating Bitches
-Vaccinate prior to breeding
- Worm for roundworm & hookworm at week 5-7
of gestation, then 2 weeks after whelping

25
Q

What are the clinical signs of heartworm?

A

Clinical Signs (Dogs)
- Coughing
- Difficulty Breathing
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Collapse/Shock/Death

26
Q

How is heartworm diagnosed?

A

Modified Knotts - Microfilariae
Antigen vs Antibody

27
Q

What is the lifecycle of fleas?

A

eggs to larvae - 4 days
larvae - to pupae - 24 days
pupae - adult - adult

28
Q

What are important factors to be discussed with clients?

A

Geographical location
Seasonal
Lifestyle eg environment

daily tick search and removal \
clinical signs

29
Q

What factors vary the requirements?

A

Breed
Sex
Age
Activity Level

30
Q

How many times does a puppy require food? below 6 months and above 6 months

A

below 6 months = 3-4times per day
above 6 months = twice per day

31
Q

What type of food should be given to puppy?

A
  • High quality, complete and balanced commercial puppy food
  • Large breed puppies should be fed specific large breed puppy food- impact on
    joint development
  • If changing food- slowly transition over 7 day
32
Q

How often should an adult dog be fed?

A

12-15 months - twice daily

33
Q

What are the pros spaying a bitch at early, standard or late stage0

A

Early

  • Reduce unwanted
    breeding/pet population
  • Possibly reduced risk of
    mammary neoplasia
  • Reduced behaviour
    problems

standard (benefits of of above, PLUS below)

  • Lower anaesthetic risk cf.
    early age
  • Reduced incidence of
    reproductive disorders eg
    pyometra
  • Reduction in incidence of
    certain neoplasias

Late
- Reduction in risk of
certain neoplasias
- Possible reduction in
incidence of orthopaedic
conditions

34
Q

What are the cons to spaying a bitch at early, standard or late stage

A

Early
- Increased incidence of
incontinence
- Increased anaesthetic risk
-Possible increased risk or
orthopaedic conditions

standard
- Slight increase incidence of
incontinence
- Increase risk of certain
neoplasias
-Possible increased risk or
orthopaedic conditions

late
-Increased risk of certain
neoplasias
-Possible increased risk or
orthopaedic conditions

35
Q

What are the pros to castration a dog at early, standard or late stage

A

early
 Reduce unwanted
breeding/pet population
 Reduced behaviour
problems

standard
 Reduce unwanted
breeding/pet population
 Lower anaesthetic risk cf.
early age
 Reduced incidence of
reproductive disorders eg
prostatitis
 ? Reduction in incidence of
certain neoplasias
 Reduced behaviour
problems

late
 Reduction in risk of
certain neoplasias
 Possible reduction in
incidence of orthopaedic
conditions

36
Q

What are the cons to castration a dog at early, standard or late stage

A

early
 Increased anaesthetic risk
 ? Possible increased risk or
orthopaedic conditions

standard
* ? Increase risk of certain
neoplasias
* ? Possible increased risk or
orthopaedic conditions

late
 ? Increased risk of certain
neoplasias
 ? Possible increased risk or
orthopaedic conditions

37
Q

What are core vaccinations for cats?

A

F3 = core vaccines in Australia
 Feline Calicivirus
 Feline Herpes virus
 Feline Panleukopaenia Virus

38
Q

What are non-core vaccinations for cats?

A

 Chlamydophila + F3 = F4
 Feline Leukaemia +F4 = F5
 Feline Immunodefiniciency Virus

39
Q

What is chlamydophila felis?

A

primarily causing inflammation of feline conjunctiva, rhinitis and respiratory problems

Non-core
Inactivated vaccine
Most appropriately used in multi-cat households where infections associated with clinical
disease have been confirmed
Initial dose as early as 9 weeks then second dose 3-4 weeks later
Annual booster for cats with sustained risk

40
Q

What is feline leukaemia virus?

when should it be administered?

A

 Non-core
 Only FeLV-negative cats should be vaccinated
 FeLV testing prior to vaccination should be performed
 Initial dose as early as 8 weeks then second dose 3-4 weeks later
 Annual booster in cats determined to have sustained risk of exposure
 Relative protection

41
Q

What is feline immunodeficiency virus? and does it protect all cats?

A

 Non-core vaccination
 Vaccination leads to production of antibodies that
make it difficult to distinguish naturally-infected cats
from vaccinated cats for at least a year following
vaccination – this is improving with improved testing
capacity
 Vaccination does not protect all cats
Mutation, subtypes, variable cross-protection
 Consider exposure, incidence and conversion of FIV +
status to clinical disease status

42
Q

What are the vaccination guidelines for kittens?

A

3 vaccine program
 3-4 weeks apart after 6-8 weeks old SC
 8, 12 and 16 weeks old
 Final dose at 16+ weeks

43
Q

Whar are the vaccination guidelines for kittens at 6 months?

A

6 months- F3 Booster (+ Non core vaccines)
 This booster acts to complete primary vaccination course
 OR booster F3 at 15 months
 ‘mops up’ the non responders affected by maternal antibodies etc in primary course

44
Q

When should adult cats be vaccinated?

and what about older cats?

A

Modified Live vaccinations
- 3 yearly (off label) – MLV only – low risk cats (FHV & FCV)

OR
- Tricat (F3) – 3 yearly
- Ducat (FCV & FHV annually)

Annual for killed vaccines ( or MLV if going to catteries)
 high risk – within 3 months

only 1 dose (if using MLV vaccines) for FPV
 two doses for FHV/FCV or killed F3

45
Q

What are the diet guidelines for cats?

< 6 months
> 6 months

A
  • < 6months – three to four times per day or ‘ad lib’
  • > 6 months – twice per day
46
Q

when should cats be desexed?

A

Cats can begin reproducing from 4 months of age!
* Early age desexing vs standard 5-6 months
* Minimum 8 weeks old and 1kg in body weight

VETS2001 (15 decks)

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