Preventative health Flashcards
Why do we vaccinate?
PRevents disease, cretes individual animal immunity and provides herd immunity
Who organises the vaccination guidelines?
WSAVA vaccincation guidelines 2016
What are core vaccinations for dogs
Canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus.
C3
Potentially fatal diseases
Vaccination offers good protection (sterile immunity)
Maternal antibodies interfere with vaccine-induced immunity
Modified live vaccine (MLV)
What are core vaccinations for cats?
Feline parvovirus, feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus
What are the most common types of vaccinations sin small animal practices?
subcutaneous and intranasal
What are methods of vaccinations?
Other methods
Oral
Intramuscular
Intradermal
Transdermal
What is the difference between core and non core vacciantions
Core
- Protect animals from severe, life threatening
diseases which have global distribution
- Aim to vaccinate ALL dogs with core vaccines
- Rabies is considered core where regionally
appropriate
non-core
Those required by animals whose geographical
location, local environment or lifestyle places them
at risk of contracting specific infections
What are the symptoms for canine distemper virus?
Coughing/dyspnoea
Vomiting/diarrhoea
Hyperkeratosis
- nose and footp`ads
Enamel hypoplasia
What are the symptoms for parovirus?
Vomiting/diarrhoea +/
- blood
Anorexia
Reduced White Blood Cells
Destroyed intestinal lining
What are symptoms for canine hepatitis?
Fever
Enlarged liver
Icterus/Jaundice
‘Blue eye’
Pneumonia
when is the recommended time to give
1. distemper and hepatitis
2. parvovirus
- 14-16 weeks
- 18 weeks
important to get in the window o f susceptibility when maternal antibodies decrease to a point they no longer protect the puppy
What are non-core vaccincations?
Infectious Tracheobronchitis = Kennel Cough = Canine Cough
- Parainfluenza (C3 + PI = C4)
- Bordetella bronchiseptica (C4 + BB = C5)
= C5
Leptospira interrogans
Many serovars (up to 200 worldwide)
- Serovars available in vaccines
- copenhagi, canicola, icterohaemorrhagica
- vs serovar L. Australis (FNQ)
Coronavirus
- Mild, self limiting disease in young puppies
= C7 (C5 + lepto + CV = C7)
Kennel cough is a non-core vaccination, what types of vaccines are there?
- Bordetella modified live vaccine = delivered intranasally and orally
- Bordetella killed vaccine = delivered by subcutaneous injection (two doses required)
When should the following modified live vaccinations be given?
DHP (CS)
DHP + KC (C5)
DHP (C3)
DHP (C3)+ KC(C5) - booster
6 – 8 weeks – DHP (C3)
10 – 12 weeks – DHP + KC (C5)
16 weeks – DHP (C3)
3 or 4 doses finishing at 16 weeks
15 months – DHP (C3) + KC (C5)
- This booster acts to complete the primary vaccination course
- OR booster DHP (C3) at 6 months
- ‘mops up’ the non responders affected by maternal antibodies etc in
primary course
When do you give adult dogs modified live vaccines?
6 or 15 months - DHP +KC (C5)
then 6 monthly to annual KC and 3 yearly DHP
What is LEPTO?
zoonotic disease - potentially fatal as dialysis is often required
annual vaccination but has adverse reactions
Vaccine only offers serogroup specific protection
What are side effects can animal get from vaccinations? amd how can you prefer this
anaphylactic reactions
solutions is to give C3 to small puppies instead of C4 or C5
avoid injectables PI/BB and use intranasal
risk of Immune mediated diseases
which parasites do we routine protect against?
Intestinal Worms
- Roundworm
- Hookworm
- Whipworm
- Tapeworm
Heartworm
Fleas
WHy are ticks, mites and lice no included in the routine protection?
based on geography, age, husbandry, exposure
What are the clinical signs and lifecycles of hookworm?
Diarrhoea +/- blood
- Vomiting
- Anaemia
2-3weeks
What are the clinical signs and lifecycles of roundworm?
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Ill thrift
- Small intestinal obstruction
2-4 weeks
What are the clinical signs and lifecycles of tapeworm?
- Scooting
- Proglottids in faeces
- Large infestations can cause
vomiting - Potentially zoonotic
2-3weeks
What are the clinical signs and lifecycles of whipworm?
- Asymptomatic
- Haemorrhagic diarrhoea +/- mucous
- Severe cases- weight loss,
dehydration, anemia, and in the most
extreme cases, death
10-12 weeks
When should intestinal worming be done?
Puppies
- Worm every 2 weeks until 12 weeks old
- Worm every month until 6 months old
6 months
Traditional recommendation:
- Worm every 3 months
Pregnant & Lactating Bitches
-Vaccinate prior to breeding
- Worm for roundworm & hookworm at week 5-7
of gestation, then 2 weeks after whelping