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VETS2001 > History taking and the clinical exam > Flashcards

History taking and the clinical exam Flashcards

1
Q

Why does clinical exams occur?

A

To examine an animal, inspect if there are any issues - find and record abdomalities

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2
Q

When do clinical exams commence?

A

From the moment the client calls the clinic. When making the appointment, noting what the owner has observed

Further commenced when you see the animal

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3
Q

What are the four categories of clinical exam?

A
  1. General history (signalment)
    - breed
    - desexed
    - sex
  2. immediate history
    - Why is the animal in the hospital
    - Onset of issue
    - what occured
    - sequence of events
    - frequency of occurrences
    - record observations not their interpretations
    - what the owner informed you about the animal
  3. Distant Examination
  4. physical examination
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4
Q

When doing a distant examination of an animal, what are some steps to what you’re viewing?

A
  1. watch behaviour of animal
  2. general appearance = BAR ( BRIGHT, ALERT and RESPONSE)
  3. Condition of coat
  4. stance and posture
  5. body condition score
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5
Q

What is it called when an animal has an arched back?

A

Kyphosis

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6
Q

What does a preying posture meaning?

A

acute abdominal pain

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7
Q

how do cats display respiratory distress?

A

sitting posture/ sternal recumbency

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8
Q

Regardless of how many techniques there are, what is extremely important when choosing a technique?

A

be methodical and through

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9
Q

What are two important components to a physical clinical exam?

A
  1. physical examination - start from one end to the other opposite end
  2. clinical examination - Leave until last, TPR. Temperature, pulse and respiration
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10
Q

What is TPR?

A

temperature, pulse and respiration

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11
Q

What is the recommended steps to a physical exam? and what are you specifically looking at with each step

A
  1. nose, checking for discharge, wetness or dry how is it related to the breed
  2. Eyes- discharge, cloudy, colour, dilated pupils, damage, entropian
  3. Mouth, gums and teeth (oral cavity) - smell, colour, swelling? gingivitis/tar tar/ calculus/ tongue
  4. Aural cavity and Pinna - discharge, smell
  5. Head and neck - skin, jugular vein, larynx, trachea, lymph nodes

6.Chest and rib cage - listen to heart beat and lung sounds, respiration - palpate the area, auscultate with stethoscope and count breaths)

  1. abdomen - check for pulse
  2. extremities - pad of foot, nails, skin, tail (alignment, positioning)
  3. LAST - temperature
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12
Q

What is it called when eye lashes are turned in?

A

Entropian

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13
Q

What do the following colours of the mucous membranes represent?

  1. Pink
  2. Pale/white
  3. Blue
  4. Yellow
  5. Red
A
  1. Pink = normal
  2. Pale/white = anaemia or shock
  3. Blue = poor oxygenation of blood
  4. Yellow = Jaundice - liver problems or red blood cell haemolysis
  5. Red = dehydration, local inflammation, sepsis
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14
Q

What characteristics do mucous membranes present?

A
  1. colour
  2. moisture - wet/moist
  3. Capillary refill time - pressure to gums, colour should return 2-3sec.
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15
Q

If the gums are sticky to touch what does this indicate in an animal?

A

dehydration

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16
Q

If capillary refill time is prolonged, what does this indicate?

A

poor peripheral perfusion (shock, poor circulation)

17
Q

How do you check if an animal is dehydrated? and what circumstances are these tests less accuate in?

A
  1. skin Tugor - pinch back of neck and skin should go back to normal. If dehydrated skin will tent
  2. mucous membrane

less accurate in ages, obses or puppies

18
Q

What are the breaths-pm for a cat and dog

A

dog = 15-30 bpm
cat = 15-30 bpm

19
Q

Where are you feel the pulse of an animal? and what is the beats-pm?

A

Femoral artery
* Palpate the femoral artery via the inner thigh.
* Use you fingers not your thumb.
* Recorded in beats per minute

20
Q

How do you record the heart rate of the animal?

A

Cardiac auscultation
: listening for rhythm and intensity of heart sounds
: the presence of abnormal sounds
: relationship of the heart sounds to the occurrence of the pulse waves

Femoral pulse
: located in the femoral triangle, where the femoral artery passes through
the groin
: palpate and compare to heart sounds

21
Q

How/why do you record the temperature of a cat or dog? and what is the normal range for both?

A

Is is the most invasive procedure for the animal and can stress the animal out.

a rectal temperature - insert into the rectum and hold against the rectal wall - make sure animal is restrained correctly.
dog - 38.9 +- 0.6
cat - 38.6 +- 0.3

VETS2001 (15 decks)

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