Life stage for nutrition for dogs (module) Flashcards
What are important nutrients for the healthy puppy growth?
energy
protein
fat
minerals
vitamins
water
How much energy requirements do newly weaned, puppy at 50% and 80% of adult body weight need?
newly - twice as much
1.6 times for 50%
1.2 times for 80%
What are key amino acids for puppy growth?
Lysine - new tissue development
tryptophan - precursor of niacin (vitamine B3), production of serotonin and melatonin
Methionine - reduction leads to reduction of food intake
What are key fatty acids required for puppies?
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are omega 3 fatty acids required for normal development of the brain and nervous system of the puppy as they grow in the womb
Linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) are omega 6 fatty acids. Puppies need a supply of LA to develop and maintain a healthy skin and coat.
What are key minerals for puppies?
Calcium and phosphorus
role in active formation of bones and teeth during growth phase and determining requirements of Vitamine D
Zinc - skin and health and protein metabolism
Iron
What vitamins are required puppies?
Vitamin D - formation of healthy bones
Vitamin A - healthy vision and protein synthesis
How much percent does water make up in the animals body?
75%
do smaller breeds have a larger or shorter growth range?
shorter growth range thus moving onto adult formulas sooner
Why do toy and smaller breeds have high energy needs?
Metabolic rate is related to total body surface area, and toy and small breeds have a higher ratio of surface area to body weight than large breeds. This results in a higher energy need per unit of bodyweight.
How often do you feed a puppy;
8 week -4 months =
4 m - 6m =
after 6 months =
8 week -4 months = every 4hrs/16hour day/ after 10 weeks 4-3 meals per day
4 m - 6m = twice a day
after 6 months = 1 or 2 meals per day
What is the most important nutrient that affects the growth rate?
energy - feeding puppies the optimal rather than maximal growth rate
why is optimal growth better than maximal growth rate?
supports healthy skeletal development - reduced the incidence and severity of skeletal abnormalities
excess energy can lead to rapid growth = this contribute to abnormalities in bone, cartilage and joint development
Why is variety in puppy food good?
avoids fussy eaters - accepting of varied diets and prevents adverse response if diet changes
what is the aim for diets in adult maintenance
During the period of adult maintenance, the dietary aim is to maintain optimal health and activity and promote peak condition in the dog.
For working muscle tissue in dogs that have high endurance and activity what are the 2 most important fuels?
fat and carbos
endurance dogs should be fed what?
highly digestible, energy and nutrient diets
50-65% of their calories from fat
30-35% of calories from high protein
10-15% calories from carbohydrates
During endurance work when aerobic metabolism dominates, which fuel source is the most important?
fat
High intensity sprinting differs from endurance how?
fuel by anaerobic metabolic pathways of carbohydrates
Muscle glycogen as well as blood glucose, supply the energy that the muscles
What food should igh intensity dogs be fed?
fed a highly digestible and energy dense diet containing moderate to high levels of fat and protein, as well as a moderate amount of highly digestible carbohydrate.
WHat is the aim of feeding senior dogs?
is to slow or prevent the progression of changes associated with ageing and to maintain a good quality of life.
How often should senior dogs visit the vets?
twice
How does the body condition of a senior dog affect its life?
tend to be overweight - placing additional strain on the body in particular the cardiovascular system (bones and joints)
bones and joints bone mass declines (reduced regenerative capacity)
cellular damage - free radicals increase
cardiovascular changes increases 30%
cognitive changes 0 behaviour and memory lose
dental and oral health - 80% affected
how is skin and coat affected by aging?
loses elasticity
accompanied by hyperkeratosis
hairs are pigmented grey/white
What pathological disease occurs in senior dogs?
Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS) is a condition where pathological changes in the brain can lead to altered mental functioning. Symptoms include changes in awareness, loss of memory, deficits in behaviours learned from training early in life and reduced responsiveness to stimuli.
WHat is the blueish transparent haze to the eyes of a dog?
nuclear sclerosis -
How does senior foods combate increased obesity in dog?
the energy requirements in senior dogs is less, thus food should have less energy to suit their needs
What are aspects of nutrients that need to be adjusted to suit senior food?
energy - reduction (reduction dietary fat)
protein - highly digestible and high protein quality because it helps minimise losses of muscle mass
antioxidants 0 vitamin E beneficial to combat oxidative stress and immune system
cognitive health - omega 3 fatty acids DHA, vitamin E and B vitamine choline
joint health - chondroitin, glucosamine and Freeze Dried Green Lipped Mussel Powder.
dental health
what is the average pregnancy for a bitch?
9 weeks
how often does the oestrus cycle occur in the bitch?
approx 6 months
inappropriate calcium and supplementation can cause what?
predispose a bitch to develop eclampsia
