Life stage for nutrition for dogs (module)

Question 1

What are important nutrients for the healthy puppy growth?

Answer 1

energy
protein
fat
minerals
vitamins
water

Question 2

How much energy requirements do newly weaned, puppy at 50% and 80% of adult body weight need?

Answer 2

newly - twice as much
1.6 times for 50%
1.2 times for 80%

Question 3

What are key amino acids for puppy growth?

Answer 3

Lysine - new tissue development
tryptophan - precursor of niacin (vitamine B3), production of serotonin and melatonin
Methionine - reduction leads to reduction of food intake

Question 4

What are key fatty acids required for puppies?

Answer 4

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are omega 3 fatty acids required for normal development of the brain and nervous system of the puppy as they grow in the womb

Linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) are omega 6 fatty acids. Puppies need a supply of LA to develop and maintain a healthy skin and coat.

Question 5

What are key minerals for puppies?

Answer 5

Calcium and phosphorus
role in active formation of bones and teeth during growth phase and determining requirements of Vitamine D

Zinc - skin and health and protein metabolism

Iron

Question 6

What vitamins are required puppies?

Answer 6

Vitamin D - formation of healthy bones
Vitamin A - healthy vision and protein synthesis

Question 7

How much percent does water make up in the animals body?

Answer 7

75%

Question 8

do smaller breeds have a larger or shorter growth range?

Answer 8

shorter growth range thus moving onto adult formulas sooner

Question 9

Why do toy and smaller breeds have high energy needs?

Answer 9

Metabolic rate is related to total body surface area, and toy and small breeds have a higher ratio of surface area to body weight than large breeds. This results in a higher energy need per unit of bodyweight.

Question 10

How often do you feed a puppy;

8 week -4 months =
4 m - 6m =
after 6 months =

Answer 10

8 week -4 months = every 4hrs/16hour day/ after 10 weeks 4-3 meals per day
4 m - 6m = twice a day
after 6 months = 1 or 2 meals per day

Question 11

What is the most important nutrient that affects the growth rate?

Answer 11

energy - feeding puppies the optimal rather than maximal growth rate

Question 12

why is optimal growth better than maximal growth rate?

Answer 12

supports healthy skeletal development - reduced the incidence and severity of skeletal abnormalities

excess energy can lead to rapid growth = this contribute to abnormalities in bone, cartilage and joint development

Question 13

Why is variety in puppy food good?

Answer 13

avoids fussy eaters - accepting of varied diets and prevents adverse response if diet changes

Question 14

what is the aim for diets in adult maintenance

Answer 14

During the period of adult maintenance, the dietary aim is to maintain optimal health and activity and promote peak condition in the dog.

Question 15

For working muscle tissue in dogs that have high endurance and activity what are the 2 most important fuels?

Answer 15

fat and carbos

Question 16

endurance dogs should be fed what?

Answer 16

highly digestible, energy and nutrient diets

50-65% of their calories from fat
30-35% of calories from high protein
10-15% calories from carbohydrates

Question 17

During endurance work when aerobic metabolism dominates, which fuel source is the most important?

Answer 17

fat

Question 18

High intensity sprinting differs from endurance how?

Answer 18

fuel by anaerobic metabolic pathways of carbohydrates

Muscle glycogen as well as blood glucose, supply the energy that the muscles

Question 19

What food should igh intensity dogs be fed?

Answer 19

fed a highly digestible and energy dense diet containing moderate to high levels of fat and protein, as well as a moderate amount of highly digestible carbohydrate.

Question 20

WHat is the aim of feeding senior dogs?

Answer 20

is to slow or prevent the progression of changes associated with ageing and to maintain a good quality of life.

Question 21

How often should senior dogs visit the vets?

Answer 21

twice

Question 22

How does the body condition of a senior dog affect its life?

Answer 22

tend to be overweight - placing additional strain on the body in particular the cardiovascular system (bones and joints)

bones and joints bone mass declines (reduced regenerative capacity)

cellular damage - free radicals increase

cardiovascular changes increases 30%

cognitive changes 0 behaviour and memory lose

dental and oral health - 80% affected

Question 23

how is skin and coat affected by aging?

Answer 23

loses elasticity

accompanied by hyperkeratosis

hairs are pigmented grey/white

Question 24

What pathological disease occurs in senior dogs?

Answer 24

Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS) is a condition where pathological changes in the brain can lead to altered mental functioning. Symptoms include changes in awareness, loss of memory, deficits in behaviours learned from training early in life and reduced responsiveness to stimuli.

Question 25

WHat is the blueish transparent haze to the eyes of a dog?

Answer 25

nuclear sclerosis -

Question 26

How does senior foods combate increased obesity in dog?

Answer 26

the energy requirements in senior dogs is less, thus food should have less energy to suit their needs

Question 27

What are aspects of nutrients that need to be adjusted to suit senior food?

Answer 27

energy - reduction (reduction dietary fat)
protein - highly digestible and high protein quality because it helps minimise losses of muscle mass
antioxidants 0 vitamin E beneficial to combat oxidative stress and immune system
cognitive health - omega 3 fatty acids DHA, vitamin E and B vitamine choline
joint health - chondroitin, glucosamine and Freeze Dried Green Lipped Mussel Powder.
dental health

Question 28

what is the average pregnancy for a bitch?

Answer 28

9 weeks

Question 29

how often does the oestrus cycle occur in the bitch?

Answer 29

approx 6 months

Question 30

inappropriate calcium and supplementation can cause what?

Answer 30

predispose a bitch to develop eclampsia