Topics from UMichigan Flashcards
occlusion of the urethra would occur in which part of the prostate?
the periurethral zone - hyperplasia there would occlude the prostatic urethra
what is the structure in females that is anterior to the rectum and firm, protruding into the vagina?
cervix
the most inferior extent of the peritoneal cavity?
rectouterine pouch
when the ductus deferens is ligated, what would remain in the ejaculate?
seminal fluid and prostatic fluid
ovarian artery
has branches that also supply the uterus (anastamose with uterine artery)
inferior vesical artery
supplies the inferior bladder (in males only); anastamoses with the middle rectal artery
internal pudendal artery
supplies the perineum
ovarian ligament
tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
what is homologous to the male scrotum in females?
labia majora
pelvic splanchnic nerves
preganglionic, parasympathetic fibers from the lateral horn of S2-4 –> go to the inferior hypogastric plexus (along with the lumbar and sacral splanchnics) to provide parasympathetic innervation to pelvic viscera and GI tract distal to left colic flexure
parasympathetic innervation to the gut (up until the left colic flexure)
posterior vagus nerve
Boundaries of the perineum:
anterior: pubic symphysis
anterolateral: ischiopubic rami
lateral: ischial tuberosities
posterolateral: sacrotuberous ligaments
posterior: coccyx
perineal body
(only in females) irregular fibromuscular mass at the center of the body of the perineal membrane
**site of meet up of the external anal sphincter, bulbospongiosus, and superficial and deep transverse perineus muscles
where do the bulbs of the vestibule/ bulb of the corpus spongiosum attach?
perineal membrane
ejaculatory duct
courses through the prostate gland and contains only semen which is
- sperm from ductus deferens
- seminal fluid from seminal vesicles
- prostatic fluid from prostate gland
what are the erectile bodies in men?
2 corpora cavernosa
1 corpus spongiosum
what are the erectile bodies in women?
2 crura of the clitoris
2 vertibular bulbs
the four portal-caval anastamoses
- superior rectal –> inferior rectal
- esophageal (L. gastric) –> esophageal (azygous)
- paraumbilical –> veins of the anterior abdominal wall
- colic –> retroperitoneal
posterior recess of the ischioanal fossa
extends deep to the sacrotuberous ligament
when doing a pudendal nerve block, what bony landmark should be palpated?
ischial spines
what nerve mediates erection?
pelvic splanchnics (parasympathetic). in males, contribue to prostatic plexus
where does the inferior rectal vein drain into?
the internal pudundal vein
what lymphatic node drains the perineum and external genitalia (labia majora and scrotum)
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
where do the testes and ovaries drain?
lumbar nodes
where are the lymphatic vessels that drain the testes contained?
in the spermatic cord
what does the epigastric region contain?
duodenum, part of stomach, part of liver, pancreas
c-sections happen below the arcuate line. what would the surgeon not cut thru?
posterior rectus sheath (ends at arcuate line)
linea alba goes from ____ to _____
xiphoid process –> pubic symphysis
superior epigastric arteries communicates with ______
inferior epigastric artery (comes off of external iliac)
medial umbilical fold
made by medial umbilical ligament
lateral umbilical forld
fold of peritoneum over the inferior epigastric vessels
median umbilical fold
made by median umbilical ligament (obliterated urachus)
urachus is now the
median umbilical fold
medial inguinal fossa
space on the inner abdominal wall between the medial umbilical fold and lateral umbilical fold
round ligament of the uterus passes through the ______
inguinal ring
SI is distinct from LI because it has _______-
circular folds
tenia coli
longitudinal muscle in LI (there are 3 of them)
middle colic artery
branch of the SMA, supplies transverse colon; serves the most distal part of the colon before IMA takes over
sensation around the umbilicus receives innervation from
T10
immediately inferior to the spleen is the ________
Left colic flexure
marginal artery
anastamotic artery running along the border of the LI. contains branches of the ileocolic, right coloc, middle colic, left colic and sigmoidal arteries
anastamosis between SMA and IMA
middle and left colic arteries
SMA supplies the
midgut
what nerve carries pain sensation from the cheek area?
buccal (V.3)
muscle that retracts the mandible
temporalis
actions of the lateral pterygoid muscle
protraction/protrusion of mandible, contralateral deviation, opening the jaw
action of masseter
elevates the mandible
actions of the mylohyoid
elevates the hyoid and tongue, depresses the mandible
inferior alveolar nerve
supplies sensory innervation to the mandible/mandibular teeth
muscles that elevate the mandible
masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid (all innervated by V.3)
otic ganglion path
lesser petrosal nerve (branch of CN IX) –> OG –> auriculotemporal n. –> parotid gland
geniculate ganglion path
sensory cell bodies for the facial n (anterior 2/3 tongue taste)
submandibular ganglion
recieves from chorda tympani –> salivary glands
ciliary ganglion
receives from CN III –> CG –> short ciliary n. –> sphincter pupilae and ciliary muscle (accomodation)
mylohyoid innervation
nerve to the mylohyoid (branch of the inferior alveolar n.)
2 nerves come between the heads of the lateral pterygoid:
- anterior deep temporal n.
2. buccal n.
chorda tympani exits the skull through the
petratympanic fissure
V.3 innervates:
- muscles of mastication
- tensor tympani
- mylohyoid
buccinator m. is innervated by th
facial nerve
mental nerve
sensory innervation to the chin
