Topical Medications

Question 1

vehicle

Answer 1

Substance in which the active ingredient is dispersed.
Determines rate of absorption
Strength of topical is dependent on base

Question 2

Acute inflammation is treated with?

Answer 2

Aqueous drying preparations

Question 3

Chronic inflammation is treated with?

Answer 3

greasier, lubricating compounds

Question 4

Ingredients of vehicle

Answer 4

Powder
Oil
Liquid

Question 5

Lotions

Answer 5

Suspension of powder in water
Least potent
Generally considered to be drying

Question 6

Creams

Answer 6

Semisolid emulsions of oil in water in about equal proportion.
Penetrates stratum corneum of skin well
Stronger than lotions, weaker than ointments

Question 7

Ointments

Answer 7

Water suspended in oil or vaseline
Greater penetration of medicines
Most lubricating and moisturizing
The most potent vehicle

Question 8

Can ointments be used in hairy areas?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

Are lotions useful in hairy areas?

Answer 9

Yes, and large areas

Question 10

Gels

Answer 10

Transparent emulsion that liquifies as it hits the skin.
Drying, used in seborrheic areas.
Advantages of ointments and creams

Question 11

What are gels used to treat?

Answer 11

Exudative inflammation
Poison ivy
Scalp and Hair
Acne

Question 12

Aerosols and sprays

Answer 12

Alcohol based
Considered to be drying
Wasteful
Generally used on scalp

Question 13

Least potent to most potent vehicles in ascending order

Answer 13

Lotion (least)
Cream (middle)
Ointment/gel (most)

Question 14

One gram of cream will cover what surface area of skin?

Answer 14

10 x 10 cm

ointment will cover slightly more

Question 15

Total body application requires about how much for an adult?

Answer 15

30 - 60 grams

Question 16

Topical steroid MOA

Answer 16

Pass through stratum corneum and cause vasoconstriction and reduced inflammation and proliferation

Question 17

Topic steroid adverse rxns

Answer 17

HPA suppression
Burning, itching, dryness
Atrophy, telangectasias
Fragility, stretch marks

Question 18

Systemic absorption of topicals in certain areas

Answer 18

Least in sole of foot

Most in genitalia

Question 19

What type of skin has the most absorption?

Answer 19

Moist skin

Inflamed skin

Question 20

Class I

Answer 20

Super potent
Soles of feet
SHould not exceed 3 weeks

Question 21

Class II-III

Answer 21

Potent

Question 22

Class 4 - 5

Answer 22

Intermediate

For treating large areas

Question 23

Class 6 - 7

Answer 23

Mild

Used for eyelids and genitals

Question 24

Bacitracin

Answer 24

Ointment

Works against gram + (strep) but not staph

Question 25

Bactroban (Mupirocin)

Answer 25

OIntment and cream

Staph and strep impetigo tx

Question 26

Neomycin

Answer 26

Greater incidence of allergic contact sensitivity

Gram negative activity

Question 27

Gentamycin

Answer 27

Greater activity against pseudomonas

Question 28

Silvadane

Answer 28

Silver sulfadiazine
1% cream
Used against gram+, - and candida
Not used in pt's with sulfa
2nd and 3rd degree burns

Question 29

Clindamycin

Answer 29

Used in acne

1% solution or gel

Question 30

Sodium sulfacetamide

Answer 30

Used to tx acne and rosacea

Do not use if sulfa allergy

Question 31

Nystatin

Answer 31

Ointment, cream

Used to treat candida infxns on skin and mucous membranes

Question 32

Amphotericin B (fungizone

Answer 32

cream, lotion or ointment
Treats candida albicans
Ineffective against dermatophytes

Question 33

Terbinifine (Lamisil)

Answer 33

1% cream

Dermatophytes

Question 34

Naftifine (Naftin)

Answer 34

Cream, gel, powder

Corporis, cruris, versicolor

Question 35

Clotrimazole (Lotrimin)

Answer 35

Cream, soln

Corporis, pedis, cruris, versicolor

Question 36

Miconazole (Monistat)

Answer 36

Cream, lotion, intravaginal

Used to treat vaginal infxns

Question 37

Selenium sulfide

Answer 37

Used to tx seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff)

Question 38

Benzoyl Peroxide

Answer 38

Kills P. acnes

Does not have antiinflamatory properties

Question 39

Retinoic Acid (Retin-A)

Answer 39

Acid form of vitamin A
Increases cell turnover
Expels open comodones

Question 40

Most common adverse effects of retinoids

Answer 40

Erythema and dryness

Minimize sun exposure

Question 41

Applying dapsone w/ benzoyl peroxide can turn skin?

Answer 41

orange

Question 42

Permethrin cream

Answer 42

TOC for lice and scabies in kids
Apply to entire body
Leave on for 8-12 hrs