topic4- regenerating places EQ2 Flashcards
State stuff about successful places- Sydney, a global city
include facts
- Sydney is an economically successful region
- The regions cities has a large proportion of high income jobs in the ‘Knowledge economy’
- Sydney is an alpha city (switched on, economic hub, economic core)
- in 2011, there were over 450,000 businesses.
- it has low levels of multiple deprivation
what are factors that make a city successful
- access to services
- FDI
- part of a trade bloc
- being connected to other countries
- attractions-tourism- jobs in tertiary sector
- many jobs in the tertiary and quaternary
- lots of imports and exports
- high education
- economically active
- lots of imports and exports
- High rates of employment
-Inward migration (internal and international)
-Low levels of deprivation
what are high order goods
goods that are only bought occasionally and are usually more expensive
what are low order goods
goods that are bought frequently and are usually more cheap
price of success in Australia
- some of Australia’s remote areas are declining and losing young people and their skills
- its very expensive to live there, ranks 10th for quality of life
whats an area that needs regeneration in the USA
the rust belt USA
talk about the rust belt USA (deindustrialisation)
-the reasons for decline
-Clairton is an area of the us known as the rust belt. It refers to the decline in metal manufacturing
reasons for decline:
1) lower wage costs in the south-. relocation of the steel and car industries. 80,000 jobs lost.
2) overseas companies produce cheaper coal and steel
3) mining companies have mechanised to cut costs
priorities for regeneration- what are the 4 differing localities
- declining rural settlements
- sink estates
- gated communities
- commuter villages
priorities for regeneration: declining rural settlements::
stakeholders, major concerns, main priorities/ solutions.
declining rural settlements: -stakeholders- farmers/ rural workers other residents local authorities environmentalists -major concerns- around 400 village shops and 700 rural pubs closed in 2010. declining populations transport/communication issues lack of services lack of job opportunities -main priorities/solutions- create a more accessible area with more business people providing job opportunities for people to say
priorities for regeneration: sink estates ::
stakeholders, major concerns, main priorities/ solutions.
sink estates: -stakeholders- residents local and regional authorities wider communities local authorities -major concerns- low income groups being segregated from the rest of society people living here are likely to have mental health problems 11 times more likely to be unemployed lack of job opportunities -main priorities/solutions- ensure people that the people here have equal access to job opportunities ensure children are getting education security environmental improvements
priorities for regeneration: gated communities ::
stakeholders, major concerns, main priorities/ solutions.
gated communities: -stakeholders- property developments local authority wider community residents -major concerns- gated communities may be built to segregate the incomers from locals who pose a threat inequality lack of community cohesion -main priorities/solutions- allow people access to these gated areas community engagement
priorities for regeneration: commuter villages ::
stakeholders, major concerns, main priorities/ solutions.
commuter villages: -stakeholders- incomers og residents local govs environments -major concerns- lack of services schools for younger families transport links -main priorities/solutions- build more services build affordable housing sustainable public transoprt
2 examples of residential sorting in type of locality for priorities for regeneration
gated communities, commuter villages
2 examples of social segregation in type of locality for priorities for regeneration
sink estates, declining rural settlements
what are sink estates
housing states characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation and crime
what are gated communities
individual buildings or groups of houses with surveillance, designed to deter he unknown and reduce crime
what are commuter villages
settlements where a large proportion of the residents commute daily to cities for work
what are declining rural settlements
rural areas where quality of life and deprivation is seen to be worsening
whats the objective of regenration
to create socially, economically and environmentally sustainable communities
what factors affect the sustainability of a regeneration plan
- economic environment
- community engagement
- gov policies
- cost
- existing conditions
- demographics
whats social segregation and residental sorting
- a common feature of inequality and division in society.
- higher income groups tend to cluster together- they may gentrify an area
what are two factors affecting a persons sense of place (their level of engagement)
Membership- a feeling of belonging, familiarity and being accepted
influence- a sense of playing a part in a place, and hence caring about it
whats place attachment
the perception about, and the attachment to any place will depend on obvious factors e.g age, length of residence, ethnicity and deprivation, but also the medias portrayal and whether the government and private business policies, programmes and projects are successful for that particular person.
whats lived experience
during a persons lifetime, they have different experiences, depending on their family situation, family culture, educational experience, life cycle, living spaces and personal interests. these affect their judgements about a places situations and lead to perceptions, views and opinions
5 factors affecting level of engagement
ethnicity age length of residence levels of deprivation gender
how does ethnicity affect levels of engagement
non-white British may differ their views due to stuff surrounding acceptance
how does age affect levels of engagement
especially combined with length of residence
how does length of residence affect levels of engagement
new migrants and students ahve less strong attachments
how does levels of deprivation affect levels of engagement
people living in rented housing may feel less at home- lack of security
how does gender affect levels of engagement
women may feel less able to do certain things
what happens when political apathy takes place
people will unwillingly accept the conditions they find themselves living in but powerless to do anything about them- eventually leads to conflict
main priorities for regeneration in Tottenham
- better infrastructure
- reducing crime
- preventing economic decline
- ensure diversity is not reduced
significant causes of the London riots (Tottenham)
poor relationship between police and black community, urban deprivation, alienated youth population, high youth unemployment.
why is rebranding needed?
- due to loss of industry via the global shift
- due to population change-> people started immigrating
- the spiral of decline-> this is a negative multiplier affect
7 ways rebranding takes place
SPORTS- e.g Tottenham stadium, Stratford
MUSIC- reading festival attracts people
DESTINATION TOURISM- specific attractions to attract tourists e.g eden project
NATIONAL PARKS- many facilities= attractive Lake District
INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE- museums e.g Museum of London Docklands
FLAGSHIP DEVELOPMENT- providing benefits to locals (simmilar to destination tourism) Westfield shopping centre
ECO-FREINDLY IMAGES- attracts investors and visitors as this is the new way forward
state stuff about Cornwall
-peripheral town in the south west of England (switched off)
-
why has there been a decline in tourisms in Cornwall
limited connectivity + cheaper holidays abroad = limited economic growth
- decline in tourism
role of media in regeneration: qualitative examples:
- local community groups provide opinions and lived experiences
- media sources
- different newspapers with political slants
- different views of stakeholders
role of media in regeneration: quantitive examples:
- census data
- neighbourhood statistics
- IMD
- spearman’s rank
- office of national statistics
why do conflict occur among contrasting groups?
- lack of political engagement and representation
- ethnic tensions
- inequality
- lack of economic opportunity
what’s studentification and examples of places it affects
where concentrations of transient students may ahve little regard for their surroundings compared to long term residents. leads to conflict over housing and conflict over noise.
affects leads, Nottingham, Southampton…
whats the northern powerhouse
different strategies to connect the north and south
-hs2 is one example
how to spot regeneration: case study: custom house, London
-why transport was critical to regen?
Custom house is located in Newham
- part of the royal Docks
- transport was critical to regen because custom house railway station served canning town- one of the most deprived areas
- created a new link to east and west london
whats barton farm
a greenfield development plan to build 2000 homes by 2025.
change to farmland to suburb
-rich people didn’t support but poor people did as they wanted housing
custom house: og plan
needed regen socially, economically and environmentally
custom house: housing, focused on giving
10,000 affordable homes by 2020
renovation to old housing
custom house: employment, focused on giving
job creation and training for local people- offices available
- new local shops and supermarkets
- improved public transport
custom house: education, focused on giving
replacement buildings for local primary and secondary schools
custom house: health, focused on giving
new healthcare centre, library, community centre and children’s play
streets made safer by using traffic calming
custom house: whats changed
since 2010, gov funding has been cut- focus on priv sector investment
hasville quarter aims to regen canning town by developing new infrastructure. includes 2 phases
1st phase created 179 private and affordable homes
government policy: HOUSE BUILDING TARGETS AND PLANNING LAWS whats the issue? impacts on economic regeneration: urban? rural?
what? increase population means higher demand for housing -natural increase -immigration urban? -other types of housing= neglected -more services will be needed/ strain -brownfield sites built on :) rural? -more services needed -building on greenfield sites -co2 emissions from construction -reduce impact of 2 speed economy
government policy: PERMISSION FOR FRACKING whats the issue? impacts on economic regeneration: urban? rural?
what?
central gov attracted by perceived benefits of fracking- could reduce need for imported gas
-improve Uks energy security
urban?
-local opposition occurs where test drilling takes place
-earthquakes
-eyesore & disruption
rural?
-conflicts with landscapes of value (national parks)
-local opposition occurs where test drilling takes place
-earthquakes
-eyesore & disruption
-fracking provides jobs
government policy: DEREGUKATION OF CAPITAL MARKETS (deregulation= allowing FDI to take place without the approval of the gov) whats the issue? direct investment- indirect investment-
whats the issue?
deregulation of capital markets since the 1970s has made it much easier for companies to locate the Uk and foreign companies to invest in the UKs infrastructure
direct investment-
improvements in infrastructure, housing will improve, good transport links, gentrification
indirect investment- lots of investments made in ensuring area is aesthetically pleasing- open spaces and open parks
government policy: MIGRATION POLICIES whats the issue? direct investment- indirect investment-
whats the issue?
direct investment-
improvements in infrastructure, housing will improve, good transport links, gentrification, better workforce
indirect investment-
how has economic restruction negatively affceted the rust belt
- high income jobs(primary&secondary) replaced with low wage retail jobs
- population decline and the brain drain, peopel leave to seek somewhere else
- high unemployment and crime
- reduced revenue for councils as consumer spending falls
talk about beattyville(declining rural settlement)
Kentucky, coal country. coal field stretching through appalachian mountains.
coal decline has caused soicla problems
poorest usa town
population consists of trailer homes or log cabins
state facts about beattyville
- median annual household income iwas 12,000
- half of families live below poverty line
- poor education 1/3 of teenagers left without graduation
- homelessness forced families to live together
- mens life expancy was belowe us aver 68yeats
define the 4 priorities for regenation
sink estate: housing estates with high levels of economic and social deprivation and crime.
commuter villages: Settlements that have a significant proportion of their population commuting out daily or weekly, usually to larger settlements nearby or further afield
declining rural settlements:
gated community: urban rurual areas, groups of housing, indiviual. cctv and 24/7 security whihc reduces crime
