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Geo human > globalisation from book > Flashcards

globalisation from book Flashcards

1
Q

what is globalistaion

A

the process where a place becomes more interconnected and interdepent through people, culture, FINANCE, goods and information transfer between countries with few barriers

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2
Q

types of global flows?

A

commodities, people, information, culture, services

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3
Q

what are the 5 types of globalisation

A

economic, social, cultural, political, environmental

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4
Q

what are the 3 igos

A

IMF, the world bank, WTO

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5
Q

What do the igos do

A

distribute wealth,( IMF make countries follow SAPs (structural adjustment programmes (rules)) which allows for TNCs to enter.

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6
Q

what is time space compression and what causes it

A

the idea that places feel closer and take less time to reach: caused by heightened connectivity

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7
Q

what is the shrinking world effect

A

places feel closer together as travel time shortens

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8
Q

what is containerisation

A

standardised transport that uses steel containers- they can easily be transferred between different modes of transport

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9
Q

what are fibre optics

A

technology associated with transfer of information, across earths ocean floor

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10
Q

what are the two main reasons why IGOS arose

A

to help globalisation by increasing FDI and free trade

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11
Q

delete

A

deletea manufacturing philiosphy that aims to achieve higher productivity (mass production)

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12
Q

what are SAPS

A

economic policies for developing countries promoted by world bank and IMF

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13
Q

ignore Foreign mergers

A

two firms in diff countries join to create a single entity

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14
Q

ignore foreign acquisitions

A

when a TNC takeovers a company in another country.

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15
Q

ignore transfer pricing

A

some TNCs get profits through a company in low tax countries

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16
Q

what are the 4 ways governments can influence the following aspects of their economy

A
  1. promoting trade blocs
  2. free market liberalisation ( lifting restrictions on the way companies and banks operate)
  3. encouraging business start ups and TNCs
  4. privatisation
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17
Q

what are trade blocks

A

a collection of countires that group together to promote free trade between them

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18
Q

what are the 3 trade bocks

A

ASEAN
EU - allows for free movemrnt of people
NAFTA

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19
Q

what did chinas SEZs do?

A

businesses can import raw materials, processes, manufacture and re-export them paying reduced tax

(reduced taxes for trade)

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20
Q

what 3 areas that the KOF index measures

A

economic, social(largest weighting - most important factor), political.

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21
Q

what does the AT Kearny index measure

A

economic integration, political engagement, personal contact, technological connectivity

22
Q

what are TNCs

A

companies which operate in more than 1 country

23
Q

what is OUTSOURCING

A

when some of the business is contracted out to be done by another company ( often abroad) rather than within the country

24
Q

what is OFFSHORING

A

when a company moves part of its own operations to another country

25
Q

what is glocalisation

A

the way that companies adapt products to meet local tastes, traditions or laws (towards a diferent audience in a diff country)

give examples

26
Q

switched on?

A

factors that increase a places connectivity

27
Q

switched off?

A

factors that decrease a places connectivity

28
Q

what is privatisation

A

Privatization is where government-owned businesses or infrastructure is sold to private TNCs. It allows foreign investors to gain a share and so can represent a form of FDI.

29
Q

examples of being switched on

A

-access to electricity
- FDI
- investments from TNCs
- transport links

30
Q

examples of being switched off

A

-low population
-geographically isolated
- corruption in government
-dictatorship

31
Q

Disneyfication- how does Disney operate around the world

A

-owns 40 Spanish speaking radio stations
-merchandise is produced overseas

32
Q

Disneyfication- how has Disney glocalised - examples

A
  • Aladdin was aimed at Asian markets and so was mulan.
    -The lion king was aimed at african markets
    -reaching out to cultures
33
Q

Disneyfication- why does disney have a large influence around the world

A
  • global governments pay billions to disney to have Disney lands.
34
Q

what are the main factors that have accelerated globalisation

A

-IGOS
-transport technology: containerisation, aircraft
-ICT technology: fibre optics/internet, computers/internet, mobile communication
-National governments: china and the UK
-trade blocs: EU, NAFTA, ASEAN

35
Q

NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS: how has the UK sped up globalisation

A

-open to global flows
-subsidies(payments goverment to make it more competitive or prevent collapse) encourage inwards FDI to the UK

36
Q

NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS: how has china sped up globalisation

A

-china declared an open door policy-welocmed fdi
- has 4 sezs (imports and exports at a reduced tax)
-economic zones= huge pools of cheap labour attracting TNCs

37
Q

what are the types of ICT technology that accelerate globalisation

A

-computers/internet (easy access to info)
-fibre optics (flows of info however could be blocked out by the gov)
-mobile communication (skype- connect people across the globe-culture spread with ease)
=all can be blocked out by gov

38
Q

what are the types of transport technology that accelerate globalisation

A

-containerisation
-aircraft ( time space compression)

39
Q

how does the trade bloc ‘the EU’ accelerate globalisation

A

-aims to create a single common market for goods
-removing barriers
freemoevemt of people
however it does favour large countries

40
Q

how does the trade bloc ‘ASEAN’ accelerate globalisation

A

-supports local trade and facilitates economic integration
however prioritizes national over regional interests

41
Q

how does the trade bloc ‘NAFTA’ accelerate globalisation

A

-reduces barriers to trade, boosted economic growth= accelerated globalisation
however wages have been supressed

42
Q

why is measuring globalisation difficult

A

-time consuming
- expensive to measure it
-gov data may not be accurate
-data is constantly changing
-some govs censor info

43
Q

what were the developments in transport and trade in the 19th century

A

-railways
-telegraph (replaced boat journeys that could take weeks)
-steamships which replaced sailing ships

44
Q

what were the developments in transport and trade in the 20th century

A

jet aircarft
containersation

45
Q

what were the developments in ICT and global communication in the 21st century

A

-mobile phones
-internet
-fibre optics
-social networks
-electronic banking

has led to time space compression

46
Q

whata re the 4 ways tncs promote globalisation

A
  • glocalisation
  • offshoring and outsorcing
  • promoting western culture
  • ## flow of people to areas for jobs
47
Q

stat

state facts about fdi

A

the uk revieced 12 b of fdi from the usa when krfat foods bought caburys in 2010
fdi will gaurnetee 6700 jobs

48
Q

how does national govs(EU) encourgae fdi?
ignire

A

influx of capital can boost economic growth.
fdi leads to improvemnets in infrastructure
greater competition from new companies can lead to productivity gains and greater efficiency

49
Q

hat do sezs provide

A
  1. employments fro local s
  2. technology transfer
50
Q

how has china attracted do much fid since 1978

A

open door policy
sezs
emerging markey
good infrasture
politically stable
cheap skilled labour
cheap goods

51
Q

state things about chian open door policy and history

OPD, sezs, 2001,2013,2016

A

open door policy=1978
ODP needed western tech to devlop its economy.
gov welcomed forign buiesses setting up in china

4 sezs=1980- attract capital and buisness
became member of world trade in 2001
chuna iver took usa as worlds biggest trading in goods nation 2013
slowdown in economy in 2016
china is a major of inward and outward flow of fdi, Brics involved.

52
Q

why is glob unequal

trasnport

A

transport and communications are focused in core areas- increasing people and businesses to invest in core regions, straving perphiray areas.

Geo human (14 decks)

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