topic4- regenerating places (EQ1??***) Flashcards
whats regeneration
the redevloping of former industrialised areas or outdated housing to bring about economic or social change.
whats PLACE
PLACE- geographical spaces shaped by individuals and communities over time.
why have primary and secondary jobs shrunk in the UK
goods can be imported cheaply from abraod and in Britain its now harder to mine
why have tertiary and quaternary sectors grown in the uk
the UK rebranded t&q sectors such as tourism and retail grew due to this and Q grew due to connectivity and financial centres
whats a two speed economy
when one area of a country develops at a faster rate than the others
what is the two speed economy between in the UK
London (South East ) and the rest of the UK (particularly the North)
why is there a two speed economy in the UK
-London and the SE receive a lot more FDI due to their connectivity ( major airports, roads, trains, motorways)
-London is home to the economic hub and many banks- political and economic decisions are made here.
-London is the capital and has the highest population= more economically active= more taxes paid to gov= SWITCHED ON
what is quality of life
quality of life is a measure of wellbeing and life-satisfaction of people living in a particular place.
whats the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)*
The governments geographical measure of multiple deprivation takes into account 7 types of deprivation
:income, employment, education, health, crime, housing and living environment, barriers to housing srvices
-the lower the number the more deprived the area is.
- the higher the number, the least deprived an area is.
what function may an area have? ignore
purpose of a place
- many rural areas are sites of intensive food production
-mechanisation- industrial towns or cities
-location near to coat or rivers or valuable natural resources
-retail destinations
ignore whats ethnic consumption
-information about the ethnic characteristics of people
whats demographic change
-changes in the type of people living in an area
demographic characteristics?
-data about a group of people such as their age, gender or income
ignore
age structure?
-the distribution of various age groups in a certain population
whats a factor that plays a key role in the demographic changes and function of a place in the UK.
post ww2
state the location of the London Docklands
situated by the Thames
Includes Canary Wharf
The isle of dogs is situated here.
East London
what was the function of the London Docklands in the 19 century
purpose
-Major port
-extremely busy
-they were the closest docks to the city of London
-the docks were used to import and export goods
- by the 1950s the docks became derelict and abandoned
what were the 4 main reasons causing the decline of the Docklands
-factories
-containerisation
-port industry (go ovr)
-size of ships
state stuff about the London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC)- 1981
- The London docklands needed a plan as part of a local or national strategy for dealing with dereliction or unemployment.
this is known as market-led regeneration leaving the private sector i.e the free market to make decisions about the future of the docklands.
they had planning powers over local councils- companies would obtain tax breaks on new buildings to attract investors
whats market led regeneration
the improvement of an area which is driven by the potential needs of customers.
quality of life- quantitate or qualitative, what factors can it measure
-quantitative
looks at health, safety quality of housing and the sense of community
photos- quantitate or qualitative, what factors can it measure
-qualitative
compare place over time and land use - has an area been rebranded
decibel meter- quantitate or qualitative, what factors can it measure
-quantitative
measures noise over time> if an area has experienced regeneration, the decibel reading may be higher
interviews - quantitate or qualitative, what factors can it measure
-qualitative,can be quantitative
people share their opinions on an area over time and how it can change - change in opinions over time
environmental quality survey- quantitate or qualitative, what factors can it measure
-quantitative
see how polluted the area is and how pollution has changed over time
census profile- quantitate or qualitative, what factors can it measure
-quantitative
identifies population characteristics ( age, house price, social economic, gender)
shows how demographic has changed
5 reasons why places have changed + explain
- physical factors- London is located by economic hub meaning more t+q jobs
Thames water wasnt deep enough for ships-dereliction of port industry
- assessibilty and connectness- Dlr heightens connectivity of the area
good transport links- more q+t jobs
3. historical development
old histroical buildings turned into luxury flats- accomidates more residents
4. role of local and national planning
aim to sustain economic growth- success and growth in the area
what are centrifugal forces
factors that drive local people away from an area
what are centripetal forces
factors that hold an area together in terms of people
what was the 4 ways in which the LDDC regenerated the land, what did they improve
-housing
-local community
-environment change
-transport
what did the LDDC do in terms of housing
50,000+ homes built since 1981
what did the LDDC do in terms of local community
£20 mil spent on community and environmental projects
what did the LDDC do in terms of environment change
600 hectares of land was reclaimed in 1988
what did the LDDC do in terms of transport
DLR(dockland land railway) opened in 1987 costing £73 million
exentedning jubilee line
london city airport
new roads
How can change be meaured + explained
employment trends-movement of s+p jobs to t+q jobs-loctaed by economic hub
demographic changes- age gender income ect
land use changes- port region- dereliction 1950- economc hub
depreivation
what is grentfication
Gentrification is when an old, run-down area is improved as wealthier people move in
