EQ2: Global shift and migration- inc detroit Flashcards
what was Detroit known for
manufacturing
TNCs in Detroit
General motors, ford…
advantages of TNCs
bring prosperity- lead to immigration
what caused the downfall of Detroit’s manufacturing industry
The global shift- companies faced competition from manufactures in Japan(cheap oversea goods). Detroit endured a population decline.
from 2002 to 2012 what was the decline percentage in population in Detroit.
25%
in 2013 what left Detroit bankrupt?
deindustrialisation
how many years sooner do people in Detroit die compared to their suburban neighbours
16 years sooner
what are some multiplier effects of the global shift on Detroit?
- Raise in taxes
- less of a skilled workforce
- emigration from Detroit
- increase in abandoned infrastructure
- reduced standard of living
- decline in inwards FDI
- decline in services
what is the unemployment rate in Detroit compared to the USA
unemployment rate in Detroit=(5.0%)
unemployment rate in USA=(3.9%)
what is deindustrialisation
the decline in manufacturing industries
what is dereliction
the state of having being abandoned and become dilapidated
what is deprivation
the lack of material benefits and services considered to be basic necessities in society
what is a core region
area with the most economic activity and development and is the most prosperous
what is a periphery region
area of low declining economic development
3 push factors…
- poor weather
- high house prices
- perceptions of rising crime
4 pull factors…
- better weather
- lower house prices and living costs
- more relaxed lifestyle
- many brits already live there
what’s a refugee
someone who has been forced to flee hos or her country because of persecution, war or violence
whats an asylum seeker
someone who wishes to be classed as a refugee
what happens if an asylum seekers application is denied
they are deported
what are the 3 reasons why urban areas grow
- natural increase (60%)
- migration (30%)
- reclassification of rural areas (10%)
whats centripetal migration
movement of people directed towards the centre of urban areas
what can centripetal migration lead to
squatter settlements on marginal cities
state things about Karachi (case study)
- most populated city in Pakistan
- its Pakistans financial centre
- internal migrants look for work in retail and banking
- its a port city
- most people work in industrial sectors (shipping)
state things about Mumbai (case study)
- on the coast
- in India
- many international brands in Mumbai (FDI)
- -caters for emerging middle class
- lots of inwards FDI
- global shift in manufacturing+ telecommunications
- Tata steel based in Mumbai= money to India
pull factors of Karachi?
- good education
- hub for media software companies
- FDI
push factors for Mumbai
- farming not bringing in enough money
- poor quality of life
- low literacy rates
- very little infrastructure
- farming is un unreliable source of income
internal migration? definition
migration within a nation
elite migrants?definition
highly skilled, affluent migrants- sought after for investment and skills
low wage migrant?definition
cheap labour workers who have come to fill manual/unskilled labour shortages
economic migrant?definition
migrants who move for economic purposes
e.g. employment, wages etc
internal migrants?definition
migration between countries (across international borders)
benefits and costs of migration?definition
- impact on house prices
- investments & entrepreneurialism
- deepening of global links
state things about elite migrants:
- countries with high levels of inequality
- global citizens
- seeking more global hubs
- bring lots of money and often skills
- few barriers to migration
state things about low wage migrants
- lower income countries
- economic improvement- often sending money home
- cheap labour
- barriers of migration depending on openness of host country
CASE STUDY: elite migrants: Russian Oligarchs
- became rich because USSR collapsed
- keep their assets abroad to avoid them being taken by the state
- 35% of foreign purchases of residential property was Russian
- 2004-2013 they contributed £250 bn in loans (uk)
- london provides good services
examples of elite migrants
politicians, sportsmen, sportswomen, actors…
CASE STUDY: low wage migrant- UAE
-over 80% of UAEs 9.2 mil population is made up of migrant workers
-close to 3 mil Indians, 2 mil Pakistanis and Bangladeshis live/ work in UAE
- migrants work in manual, construction and transportation industries.
- live on $5 a day 12 hour day shift
-lax health and safety laws
- entry visas are tied to manual work
they do this to send remittances back home- estimated US $15 bil returned to India annually as remittances.
what’s a source nation
countries/places migrants leave from
what’s a host nation
countries/places which a migrant moves to
what is fuelling anti-globalisation movements
increased unease about levels of international migration
costs for source countries?
- lose workers
- less economic activities
- less diversity and culture
- decline of industries
costs for host country
- stress on services
- overcrowding
- exploitation of resources
benefits for host country
- gain workers
- increased industry
- diversity
benefits for source countries?
- less crowding
- less pressure on services
- more housing available
