Topic D Flashcards
Cytoskeleton
enormous protein filaments
Globular….
chains
Fibrous…..
bundles
Microtubules are made up of subunits of…
tubulin heterodimers
Tubulin is a…(2)
heterodimer, globular
Flowchart of how a microtubule is formed
alpha and beta polypeptide > tubulin heterodimer > protofilament > microtubule
Tubulin polypeptides are made by ______ (same/different) genes
different
Sequence identity
amount of characters that match exactly
Tubulins add from ____ end and remove from ____
plus, plus
Which side is the active end
plus
MT are connected to
centrosomes
Centrosomes
balls of protein with MT negative side attatched
MT grow and shrink ____ of their neighbours
independently
Proteins are regulated by …
GTP
which proteins are regulated by GTP
RAN, adaptin, tubulin
The beta form changes from the D from to the T form when and where
GDP becomes GTP by nucleotide replacement in the cytosol
The alpha form changes from the D to T from
GTP remains GTP
The beta form changes from the T form to D form when and where
GTP is hydrolysed to form GDP when part of a MT
MT have rapid growth when
the end is GTP capped
MT shrink rapidly when
GTP cap is randomly lost
MT help resist
compression
What do MT do in prophase
extend and contract to search for chromosomes
when are MT stable
when they are connected to the kinetochore of a chromosome
MT are stabilized by _____ proteins
TAU
Actin is made up of
globular action to make actin filament
Actin grow like a ____ , this means
treadmill, add from plus end while minus end is removed
What complex anchors the minus end of actin
ARP complex
Cross linking proteins in the cell cortex
Filamin
bundling proteins in the microvilli
Villin
Where are the plus and minus end of Intermediate filaments
there are none lol, they are either there or not there
IF made with what and where (3 places)
- cytokeratin proteins in the cytoplasm
- nuclear lamin proteins inside the nuclear envelope
- extracellular keratin outside the cells
Which resists compression
MT
Which resist tension
F-actin and IF
Which moves chromosomes during mitosis
MT
Which divide cell during cytokinesis
MT and F-actin
Taxol: source and mechanism
Fungus on Pacific Yew tree, inhibits MT tubulin so they cannot grow
Consequence of Taxol
cells get stuck in Mitosis
Significance of Taxol
used to treat cancers
Colchine source and mechanism
autumn crocuses, stop MT from shrinking
Significane of Colchine
a derivative, Colcemid, is used to prepare chromosomes
Phallodin source and mechanism
death cap mushrooms, inhibits F and G actin
Significance of Phallodin
used in fluorescent microscopy
Acrylamide source and mechanism
synthetic, used in PAGE, causes IF to break
Consequence and Significance of Acrylamide
sensory neurons are killed
