Topic C Flashcards
Chloroplast
a type of plastid that does photosynthesis in leaf cells
Young plant cells contain….
proplastids
Proplastids
mature into organelles required by cell
storage plastids
store nutrients in root cell
Chromoplasts
attract animals to fruit and flowers
Function of chloroplasts
import light, CO2, H2O and export sugar, O2
How do chloroplast reproduce?
same as mitochondria
Why do only some cells contain chloroplasts?
chloroplasts are only found in cells that must do photosynthesis
Where do light reactions take place?
thylakoid membrane
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
stroma
where does protein import take place?
outer and inner chloroplast membrane
where does DNA replication take place?
stroma
where does protein synthesis take place?
cytoplasm
3 types of membrane lipids and percent composition
phospholipids 74%, glycolipids 3%, sterols/steroids 23%
what side? phospholipids
one side or the other
what side? glycolipids
non-cytosol side
glycolipids
protect the cell
what side? sterols
both sides
sterols
improve membrane fluidity
where are phospholipids made?
cytosol side of ER
Scramblases
same number on each side, move any phospholipid from one side to another
Flippases
same number each side, move specific phospholipids to appropriate side
Functions of a Membrane Protein
Transporter/Channels, anchors, receptors, enzymes
types of integral protein structures
transmembrane, monolayer-associated, lipid linked
types of peripheral proteins
protein attached (allow flexibility)
2 types of protein structures
integral and peripheral
3 types of transmembrane
single alpha helix, multiple alpha helices, beta barrel
shape of transporter proteins
change shape everytime they move a cargo molecule;
channel protein shape
cargo molecules just flow through
which type of transport requires energy
active transport proteins
uniport
one way
symport
multiple cargo going one way
anitport
multiple cargo going opposite ways
gated
open or shut
non-gated
always open
3 types of passive transport
diffusion, Channel mediated, transport mediated
Na/K channel characterisics
channel, passive, uniport, gated
what do passive transporters carry?
organic monomers (amino acids, monosaccharides, etc)
glucose transporter (GLUT) characteristics
transporter, passive, uniport, non-gated
ATP powered transporters
active transport of ions
proton pump
makes H+ gradient
Na/K pump characteristics
transporter, ATP powered, anti port, non-gated
Purpose of Na/K pump (hint: there’s 4)
makes Na+ gradient, makes K+ gradient, maintains membrane potential, reduces entry of water by osmosis
H+ powered transporters
active transport of other ions and monomers
Sucrose H+ transporter characteristics
transporter, H+ powered, symport (anti port do exist), non-gated
Na+ powered transporters
active transport of other ions and monomers
Sodium Glucose Transporter characteristics
transporter, Na+ powered, symport, non-gated
H+ powered transporters found in….
plant, fungi, protist cells, Eukaryote organelle membranes
Na+ powered membranes found in…
in plasma membrane of animal cells
