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Biology 201 > Topic C > Flashcards

Topic C Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chloroplast

A

a type of plastid that does photosynthesis in leaf cells

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2
Q

Young plant cells contain….

A

proplastids

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3
Q

Proplastids

A

mature into organelles required by cell

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4
Q

storage plastids

A

store nutrients in root cell

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5
Q

Chromoplasts

A

attract animals to fruit and flowers

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6
Q

Function of chloroplasts

A

import light, CO2, H2O and export sugar, O2

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7
Q

How do chloroplast reproduce?

A

same as mitochondria

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8
Q

Why do only some cells contain chloroplasts?

A

chloroplasts are only found in cells that must do photosynthesis

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9
Q

Where do light reactions take place?

A

thylakoid membrane

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10
Q

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

A

stroma

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11
Q

where does protein import take place?

A

outer and inner chloroplast membrane

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12
Q

where does DNA replication take place?

A

stroma

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13
Q

where does protein synthesis take place?

A

cytoplasm

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14
Q

3 types of membrane lipids and percent composition

A

phospholipids 74%, glycolipids 3%, sterols/steroids 23%

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15
Q

what side? phospholipids

A

one side or the other

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16
Q

what side? glycolipids

A

non-cytosol side

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17
Q

glycolipids

A

protect the cell

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18
Q

what side? sterols

A

both sides

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19
Q

sterols

A

improve membrane fluidity

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20
Q

where are phospholipids made?

A

cytosol side of ER

21
Q

Scramblases

A

same number on each side, move any phospholipid from one side to another

22
Q

Flippases

A

same number each side, move specific phospholipids to appropriate side

23
Q

Functions of a Membrane Protein

A

Transporter/Channels, anchors, receptors, enzymes

24
Q

types of integral protein structures

A

transmembrane, monolayer-associated, lipid linked

25
Q

types of peripheral proteins

A

protein attached (allow flexibility)

26
Q

2 types of protein structures

A

integral and peripheral

27
Q

3 types of transmembrane

A

single alpha helix, multiple alpha helices, beta barrel

28
Q

shape of transporter proteins

A

change shape everytime they move a cargo molecule;

29
Q

channel protein shape

A

cargo molecules just flow through

30
Q

which type of transport requires energy

A

active transport proteins

31
Q

uniport

A

one way

32
Q

symport

A

multiple cargo going one way

33
Q

anitport

A

multiple cargo going opposite ways

34
Q

gated

A

open or shut

35
Q

non-gated

A

always open

36
Q

3 types of passive transport

A

diffusion, Channel mediated, transport mediated

37
Q

Na/K channel characterisics

A

channel, passive, uniport, gated

38
Q

what do passive transporters carry?

A

organic monomers (amino acids, monosaccharides, etc)

39
Q

glucose transporter (GLUT) characteristics

A

transporter, passive, uniport, non-gated

40
Q

ATP powered transporters

A

active transport of ions

41
Q

proton pump

A

makes H+ gradient

42
Q

Na/K pump characteristics

A

transporter, ATP powered, anti port, non-gated

43
Q

Purpose of Na/K pump (hint: there’s 4)

A

makes Na+ gradient, makes K+ gradient, maintains membrane potential, reduces entry of water by osmosis

44
Q

H+ powered transporters

A

active transport of other ions and monomers

45
Q

Sucrose H+ transporter characteristics

A

transporter, H+ powered, symport (anti port do exist), non-gated

46
Q

Na+ powered transporters

A

active transport of other ions and monomers

47
Q

Sodium Glucose Transporter characteristics

A

transporter, Na+ powered, symport, non-gated

48
Q

H+ powered transporters found in….

A

plant, fungi, protist cells, Eukaryote organelle membranes

49
Q

Na+ powered membranes found in…

A

in plasma membrane of animal cells

Biology 201 (8 decks)

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