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Chemistry > Topic C2 (structure , bonding and properties ) > Flashcards

Topic C2 (structure , bonding and properties ) Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the three states of matter

A

solid , liquid and Gas

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2
Q

How do you turn a liquid into a gas ?

A

Boiling

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3
Q

How do you turn a gas into a liquid ?

A

Condensing

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4
Q

How do you turn a solid into a solid ?

A

Melting

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5
Q

How do you turn a liquid into a solid

A

freezing

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6
Q

Why do some substances have a higher melting point than others ?

A

The boiling points of a liquid depends on the forces between the particles

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7
Q

Define aqueous

A

This means it can be dissolved in water

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8
Q

Why do objects want to react with each other ?

A

To gain a full outer shell by gaining or loosing electrons

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9
Q

Name the three types of bonding

A

Ionic , covalent and metallic

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10
Q

What is a ionic bond ?

A

When a metal and a non metal react. The non metal shares electrons to fill up the outer shells and create a strong covalent bond. A non metal gains electrons and become negative

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11
Q

What is a metallic bond ?

A

When metals react with other metals. They let go of their outer shell and so the electrons move around freely (sea of electrons)

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12
Q

What is a covalent bond ?

A

A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

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13
Q

Why do particles together in an ionic bond ?

A

because the particles are attracted to each other

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14
Q

What happens to the electrons when a covalent bond forms ?

A

Their shared

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15
Q

Name three ways in which a covalent bond are different from ionic bonds

A

There’s no charge, shared electrons and two non-metals

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16
Q

What happens to the atoms when a metallic bond takes place ?

A

The atoms before the bond are closely packed together but once it takes place the electrons become delocalised and can move around freely creating a sea of electrons

17
Q

Why are metals strong and have high melting points ?

A

There is a strong attraction (electrostatic)

This attraction gets stronger if more electrons are in the sea of electrons

18
Q

Why do metals conduct electricity

A

The delocalised electrons will move if a voltage is applied across metal

This allows metals to conduct electricity

19
Q

Why do metals conduct heat ?

A

The metal particles are very close together so they can pass heat quickly

The delocalised electrons also move faster when heated

20
Q

Why can metals from crystals ?

A

Because they are arranged into a big lattice

21
Q

What forms the sea of electrons ?

A

When the metals let go of the electrons

22
Q

What holds the positive ions in a metal ?

A

The sea of electrons

23
Q

What happens to metallic bonding once it melts

A

It breaks down !!!!!

24
Q

What does it mean if the attraction between molecules are weak ?

A

does not need a lot of energy to break the bond

25
Q

Why cant covalent bonds conduct electricity ?

A

They do not have a positive or negative charge

26
Q

What are intermolecular forces ?

A

The forces between the molecules

27
Q

What is diamond made of ?

A

Carbon and each carbon has 4 bonds

28
Q

What is graphite made of

A

Carbon with 3 bonds

29
Q

what is fullerenes

A

The strongest metal ever found

very good conductors of heat and electricity and can be used as a catalyst

30
Q

Why is diamond so hard ?

A

Because the bonds are very strong so it takes a lot of energy to separate it

31
Q

Why cant diamonds conduct electricity

A

because they don’t have any electrons

32
Q

What do we commonly use graphite for ?

A

Pencil lead

33
Q

Why can graphite conduct electricity and heat ?

A

Because it has delocalised electrons

34
Q

What is a polymer ?

A

Plastic with a huge chain

35
Q

What does n stand for ?

A

How many monomers there are

36
Q

Why are intermolecular forces between polymer chains stronger than the intermolecular forces between small molecules ?

A

Because polymer chains are longer which makes them stronger

37
Q

Why don’t polymers soften when heated ?

A

The bonds are too strong

Chemistry (14 decks)

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