Topic 9- diverse populations Flashcards
Preschoolers (2-5 years old):
1) some causal reasoning and conceptual ability
2) no abstract generalizations or logical concepts
determinants of food behaviour: family, culture, illness
developmental factors: learn by exploring environment
-feel, touch, question, compare
-classify foods by colour & shape
-observe and model parents
Nutrition education:
-food-based activites
-play-based teaching
-minimize food as reward
-involve family
Middle childhood (6 -12 years old)
developmental factors: cognitive, social and physical development
-begin to think causally and theorize why things happen
-understand food / function on health
-can accept adult viewpoints / guidance
-desire autonomy
nutrition education:
-fantasy characters / stories
-highlight immediate benefits
-foster self esteem
-handouts w pictures
-simple goal setting / self regulation
intervention:
-school / community based
-behvaioural intervention
-positive reinforcements for desired behaviour
-ignore undesirable behaviour
-physical activity
Adolescent (13-19 years old)
1) abstract thinking develops
2) influenced by peers, concerend abt looks
3) independent (want autonomy)
Determinants of behaviour:
-decline on family food choices
-reliance on school food, fast food , convienence
-increased purchasing power (marketers use this)
Developmental factors:
-physical, cognitive and psychosocial changes
-reluctant to listen to family
nutrition education:
-focus on what they can control
-may discuss complex issues
-self regulation / goal setting
-adress peer influence / social norms
-respect their independence
-active teaching methods and include food
-MI : encourages critical thinking
-behavioural strategies
-consider multivariable outcome measures
specific intervention topics:
-media / peer based messages (reastaurants)
-role playing for problem behaviour
-food demos and taste tests
-direct them to helpful resources
working with adults
1) make it relevant and worth their time
2) task / problem oriented
education:
-immediate, useful info
-safe learning environment (balance power)
-close w solution / action plan
working with seniors
developmenta factors:
-loss of muscle / PAL
-change in taste and chewing
-decreased thirst, hunger and satiety cues
determinants of food behaviour: Physical, social , economic, cultural
-low income
-lonliness, depression impact appetite
-medications may alter appetite and nutrient absorption
-disibilities may impeded prep and food consumption
intervention:
-social life and supports
-mini nutritional assessment (MNA)
-make referral for food assistance
what is a shared worldview?
beliefs, knowledge, traditions, values and behaviours that are developed, learned, shared and transmitted by members of a group
where do majority of the immigrants in canada come from?
asia (58%)
-decline in USA / European and increase in more forein born people
what factors contribute to barriers of effective communication with cultural groups?
1) clinical
-cultural incompetency
-unconscious bias
2) client factors
-limited language proficiency
-low health literacy
-low digital literacy
what is cultural competance?
attitudes, skills, and levels of awareness that enable culturally respectful interactions
-understand and effectively interact with dif culture
-aware of own world view
-positive attitudes towards differences
-knowledge of differences
what ways can educators work towards cultural competence?
1) cultural knowledge: learn abt worldviews
2) cultural awareness: aware of own bias/prejudice
3) cultrual sensitivity: aware of difference without assigning values
4) cultural competence: skills to allow us to understand and appreciate differences
what are the negative impacts of a lack of self awareness?
1) ethnocentrism
2) blindly imposing culture
3) missed opportunities for intervention
what does a culturaly appropriate educator consider?
1) cultural beliefs are reflected in determinants of behaviour change
2) cultural targeting creates culturally sensitive interventions
what is cultural proficiency?
engaging in activities to improve cultural relations
what is unconscious bias?
social sterotype about groups of people outside of ones conscious awareness
what should be considered when working with interpreters?
1) language availibility
2) medical interpreters availible
-know medical and colloquial terms
3) phone interpreter availible
4) use professionals (not family)
what factors contribute to health disparities?
social, behavioural, environmental, biological / genetic determinants:
gender, age, ethnicity, location, mental health, disease, SES, disability, education, literacy
what should be considered when working with low literacy adults?
They read slowly, remebering 3-5 items at a time which may cause them to lose meaning
-do not understand implied information
-does not mean low intelligence
-cannot identify based on appearanced
strategies for working with low literacy adults:
-know audience
-pretest material
-state objectives exactly
-focus on behaviour rather than facts
-present in variety of ways to increase learning
-use familiar examples
-actively engage
-frequently repeat
How can you provide written materials for low literacy adults?
-use active voice (write how you speak)
-common words
-short words / sentences
-key info first
-enhance comprehension w typography, layout and summaries
How can you provide visual materials for low literacy adults?
-should clarify text
-simple and clear
-use colour
what is digital literacy?
capacity to assess, interpret and analyze info found and communicated in digital environments
what are the LGBTQ components?
sexual orientation: romantic and sexual attraction
gender identity: personal sense of ones gender
how can you increase nutrition education for people with disabilities?
-arrange physical environment to allow safe movement
-explore resources
-put emphasis on individual, not condition or disability
what factors should be considered when working with an individual with mobility impairment?
-treat apparatuses as if they are a part of individuals body
-be at the physical level of client when communicating
-shake hands with fake limbs if needed
what factors should be considered when working with an individual with hearing impairment?
-tap shoulder or wave to get attention
-speak clearly for lip readers
-do not shout, it can distort message
-look at client when interpreter is involved
what factors should be considered when working with an individual with visual impairment?
-identify yourself
-make clear contrast for boundaries
what factors should be considered when working with an individual with speech impairment (aphasia)?
-impairs expression, understanding, reading and writing of language
-can occur from strole, or develop slowly
what factors should be considered when working with an individual with invidible disabilities?
-inquire about the reason for behaviour
-offer support or assistance
what factors should be considered when working with an individual with different food styles?
-community values: cultural or societal sources
-small group values
-individual values: vegetarian, vegan, etc.
what types of traditional therapies should you consider?
1) alternative medicine: used instead of conventional treatments
2) complementary: used w conventional treatments
3) functional: adresses underlying cause of disease
