Topic 9 Flashcards
What are the parts of the human gas exchange system? [6]
- lungs
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- alveoli
- capillary network
which structures are cartilage found? [2]
trachea and bronchi
What does cartilage do? [3]
- keeps airways open
- keep air resistance low
- prevents collapse during pressure changes
What is cartilage like in the trachea
C shaped
What is cartilage like in bronchi?
irregular blocks of cartilage
what are goblet cells?
cell that produce mucus that traps pathogens and dust etc
what are mucus glands
gland that produce mucus that traps pathogens and dust etc
where are goblet cells found? [2]
trachea and bronchi
describe the structure of goblet cells [2]
- upper part of cell is swollen with mucin droplets
- rest of cell, containing nucleus is thin
where are mucus glands located?
beneath the epithelium
what is the ciliated epithelium? [2]
- specialised tissue that line all tubes of airways
- each have projections of cili which waft mucus away from lungs to be swalowed
describe the squamous epithelium of the alveoli [2]
- thin (one cell thick)
- permeable
which structures can smooth muscle be found? [3]
trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
what does smooth muscle do?
regulates air flow by relaxing when more air is needed and constricting when less is needed
where can elastic fibres be found? [2]
lining of airways and the walls of the alveoli
what do elastic fibres do?
to recoil and maintain the original structure.
how can you recognise cartilage? [2]
- glassy appearance
- no nerves or blood vessels
how can you recognise ciliated epithelium? [2]
- narrow bodies and hair like cilia
how can you recognise goblet cells? [3]
- can be found scattered amoun ciliated epithelium of trachea and bronchi
- lack cilia
- the nucleus is found at the bottom of the cell with a large golgi apparatus and mucus granules
how can you recognise squamous epithelium?
thin flat squamous cells
how can you recognise smooth muscle? [2]
- cells are tightly packed and beneath ciliated epithelium
- dont show cross stripes under microscope
how can you recognise capillaries? [2]
- tiny diameter
- single layer of epithelial cells
features of aleovli [4]
- one cell thick
- large surface area
- walls have elastic fibres
- surrounded by network of capillaries
describe the process of gas exchange between the alveoli and blood [6]
- carbon dioxide removed from blood and oxygen into blood
- oxygen flows down a concentraion gradient from a higher conc
- across squamous epithelium
- oxygen binds ot Hb
- steep gradient maintained by ventilation
