Topic 9

Question 1

What does Griffith’s Experiments prove?

Answer 1

That traits can be received by an environment or “transformed”

Question 2

Smooth Strain (S)

Answer 2

Highly infective, quickly coursing pneumonia and killing mice

Question 3

Rough Stain (R)

Answer 3

No virulent, doesn’t kill mice

Question 4

What was Griffith’s Experiments?

Answer 4

Injecting mice with different deadly and non deadly bacterial strains, seeing how they would react

Question 5

What does Avery, McCarthy, and MacLeod’s Experiments prove?

Answer 5

Nucleic acids are the molecule of heritage

Question 6

How did the Avery, MacCathy, and MacLeod’s Experiments work?

Answer 6

Taken a heat killed s-strain with removed carbohydrates and lipids and added to r-strains with either removed proteins, DNA, or RNA. Then injected, the mice that died had removed DNA.

Question 7

What did the Hershey-Chase Experiment prove?

Answer 7

DNA is the molecule of hereditary

Question 8

How did Hershey-Chase’s Experiments work?

Answer 8

DNA and proteins are radioactively tagged in viruses to view their appearance in infected bacteria. The DNA was viewed as injected therefore it is the hereditable martial.

Question 9

What makes up DNA?

Answer 9

1. 5 Carbon sugar
2. Phosphate group
3. 4 Nitrogenous bases

Question 10

Pyrimidenes

Answer 10

Thymine and Cytosine base pairs

Question 11

Purines

Answer 11

Adenine and Guanine base pairs

Question 12

Chargaff’s Rule

Answer 12

Purines = Pyrimidines

Question 13

Polynucleotide Chain

Answer 13

Joined nucleotides DNA

Question 14

Sugar-Phosphate Backbone?

Answer 14

Deoxyribose sugars are linked by phosphate group in alternating pattern

Question 15

Each phosphate group links ____ with _____ carbon of the next sugar

Answer 15

3’, 5’

Question 16

What bonds hold adenines and thymines?

Answer 16

Hydrogen double bond

Question 17

What bonds hold guanine and cytosine?

Answer 17

Hydrogen triple bonds

Question 18

What bond is holding a base to the deoxyribose sugar?

Answer 18

Glycosidic bond

Question 19

Phosphodiester Bond

Answer 19

Phosphate group linking with 3’ and 5’ carbons

Question 20

Nucleoside

Answer 20

Sugar + Base

Question 21

Nucleotide

Answer 21

Phosphate group + Sugar + Base

Question 22

Minor Groove

Answer 22

Narrow DNA binding site

Question 23

Major Groove

Answer 23

Wider DNA binding site

Question 24

3 Potential Models for DNA Replication

Answer 24

1. Conservative
2. Dispersive
3. Semiconservative

Question 25

Which model follows DNA replication?

Answer 25

Semiconservitive

Question 26

Semiconservative Replication

Answer 26

DNA stands are split and replicated

Question 27

Conservative Replication

Answer 27

Double stranded DNA is fully replicated

Question 28

Dispersive Replication

Answer 28

DNA stands split into segments that are then replicated

Question 29

Replication starts at the ________

Answer 29

Replication origin

Question 30

DNA Polymerase lll

Answer 30

Enzyme that adds nucleotides to DNA template strand

Question 31

RNA Primer

Answer 31

Add primer to DNA template to indicate where DNA polymerase needs to add nucleotides

Question 32

DNA Polymerase lll runs in the _______ direction

Answer 32

5’ to 3’

Question 33

DNA Helicase

Answer 33

Unwinds DNA as the replication fork to create asDNA template

Question 34

Leading Strand

Answer 34

Replicates towards the replication fork

Question 35

Lagging Stands

Answer 35

Elongates away from replication fork

Question 36

Single-Stranded Binding Proteins (ssBPs)

Answer 36

Coat the exposed single-stranded DNA segments, keeping them from reconnecting

Question 37

Okazaki Fragments

Answer 37

Fragments make by polymerase lll on the lagging stand

Question 38

DNA Ligase

Answer 38

Enzymes the ‘glue’ Okazaki fragments together

Question 39

DNA Polymerase l

Answer 39

Removes RNA primers

Question 40

Topoisomerase l (Gyrase)

Answer 40

Enzymes that cuts and rejoins DNA stands to prevent twisting in circular DNA replication

Question 41

What is the ‘End Replication Problem’ of Linear Chromosomes?

Answer 41

Part of the genome is lost on the lagging strand because it is not able to replicate that portion. Causing one chromosome to be shorter than the other

Question 42

Topoisomerase ll

Answer 42

Enzymes that cuts and rejoins two sets of DNA stands to prevent twisting in circular DNA replication

Question 43

Telomere Sequence

Answer 43

The protective ends chromosomes and limit the amount of times a cell can divide

Question 44

Telomerase

Answer 44

Enzyme that is able to add DNA to telomeres on chromosomes

Question 45

Telomerase is a __________

Answer 45

Ribonucleoprotein complex

Question 46

What does telomerase consist of?

Answer 46

1. RNA subunit 2. Reverse transcriptase subunit