Topic 6

Question 1

Autotrophic

Answer 1

Organisms can produce required organic molecules from inorganic sources

Question 2

Hererotropic

Answer 2

Consumes and decomposes which need a source of organic molecules to survive

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

Use of light energy to convert carbon dioxide into organic form

Question 4

Who are primary producers?

Answer 4

Autotrophs

Question 5

Inorganic to organic uses what form of energy?

Answer 5

Sun light

Question 6

Light Reactions

Answer 6

Capture light energy to synthesize both ATP and NAPH

Question 7

Calvin Cycle

Answer 7

NADPH and ATP are consumed to fix carbon dioxide into carbohydrates

Question 8

Stages of Photosynthesis

Answer 8

1. Light Reactions
2. Calvin Cycle

Question 9

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 9

Chloroplasts

Question 10

Stomata

Answer 10

Opening for gas exchange in chloroplast

Question 11

Stroma

Answer 11

Jelly-like fluid around stacks of thylakoids

Question 12

Granums

Answer 12

Stacks of thylakoids

Question 13

Light

Answer 13

Portion of electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen

Question 14

Excited-state electrons do what for photosynthesis?

Answer 14

Releases energy when returns to ground state in the form of heat or light

Question 15

Where does the energy from an excited electron go?

Answer 15

Into a neighbouring pigment molecule

Question 16

Where does the excited electron itself go?

Answer 16

Transferred to nearby electron accepting molecule

Question 17

Pigments

Answer 17

Major class of molecules that absorb visible light efficiently to the presence of excitable electrons

Question 18

Chlorophylls

Answer 18

Green pigment

Question 19

Coratenoids

Answer 19

Yellow-orange pigment

Question 20

Photosynthesis is what kind of reaction?

Answer 20

Redox Reaction

Question 21

A photosystem consists of what?

Answer 21

An antenna complex and a reaction center

Question 22

What pigment is in Photosystem ll?

Answer 22

P 700 (absorb max 700 nm)

Question 23

What pigment is in Photosystem l?

Answer 23

P 680 (absorb max 680 nm)

Question 24

What is in the reaction centre of a photosystem?

Answer 24

Pigment molecule

Question 25

Steps of Light Reaction: Photosystem ll

Answer 25

1. Light absorption leads to oxidization of ration centre chlorophyll 2. Electron is captured by electron acceptors 3. Splitting of water makes oxygen 4. Electron passes through electron transport chain photosystem l

Question 26

Steps of Light Reaction: Photosystem l

Answer 26

1. Chlorophyll is excited in reaction centre 2. NADP+ is reduced to NADPH

Question 27

Cyclic Electron Transport

Answer 27

Used by photosystem l to work independently

Question 28

Chemiosmotic Synthesis of ATP

Answer 28

Proton-motive force established across thylakiod membrane utilized to synthesis ATP by chemiosmosis

Question 29

Chemiosmotic

Answer 29

Ability to use proton-motive force to do work

Question 30

Stages of the Calvin Cycle

Answer 30

1. Fixation 2. Reduction 3. Regeneration

Question 31

The Calvin Cycle: Fixation

Answer 31

1 RuBisCo used to catalyze 3 CO2 + 3 RuBP to make 6 3-PGA

Question 32

The Calvin Cycle: Reduction

Answer 32

6 NADPH and 6 ATP are used to convert 6 3-PGA into 6 G3P (used to make sugars)

Question 33

The Calvin Cycle: Regeneration

Answer 33

1 out of the 6 G3P molecules goes to make glucose, the other 5 are reduced into RuBP by 3 ATP and go back into the cycle

Question 34

Phosoresitation

Answer 34

Produces waste in photosynthesis (RuBisCo + O2 = waste)

Question 35

C4 Cycle Steps

Answer 35

1. CO2 + PEP = oxaloacetate 2. PEP carboxylates has no oxygenate activity 3. oxaloacetate reduced and makes CO2 4. CO2 enters Calvin Cycle and binds to RuBisCo

Question 36

Why do plants use the C4 Cycle?

Answer 36

To preserve water and stop photorespiration by keeping the stromata closed, using CO2 to make more CO2

Question 37

Difference between C4 and CAM pathways

Answer 37

C4: 1. Different cells 2. Same times (C4 and Calvin) CAM: 1. Same cell 2. Different times (night and day)

Question 38

Similarities between C4 and CAM pathways

Answer 38

1. Add CO2 into organic intermediate before it enters the Calvin Cycle 2. Eventually use the Calvin Cycle to incorporate light energy into the production of sugar 3. Adapted to preserve water and stop photorespiration

Question 39

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) Pathway Steps

Answer 39

1. Opens stomata during the night to capture CO2 2. 4-carbon compounds are stored in cell vacuole 3. Stomata closes during the day to preserve water 4. Stored up 4-carbon molecules are oxidized to release the CO2 that goes into the Calvin Cycle