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BIO 131 > Topic 1 > Flashcards

Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Living Things

A

Order, Response to Environment, Energy Processing, Reproduction, Growth and Development, Regulation, Adaptation

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2
Q

Scientific Method

A
  1. Observation
  2. Question
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Predict
  5. Experiment
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3
Q

Any item, factor or condition that can be controlled or changed in an experiment.

A

Variable

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4
Q

Factor kept constant.

A

Controlled variable

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5
Q

Factor that is manipulated.

A

Manipulated/Independent variable

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6
Q

Factor that is affected.

A

Response/Dependent varable

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7
Q

Subjects kept separate and not exposed to independent variable

A

Control group

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8
Q

The quality of data

A

Quantitative

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9
Q

The amount of data

A

Qualtitive

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10
Q

Amino acid polymers

A

Proteins

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11
Q

Chains of amino acids

A

Polypeptide

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12
Q

What do enzymes do?

A
  1. Speed up reaction
  2. Do not part take in reaction
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13
Q

Polypeptides are help together by what?

A

Peptide bonds

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14
Q

Proteins loss their structure

A

Denaturation

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15
Q

What can cause denaturation

A
  1. Change in heat
  2. Change in pH
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16
Q

Organic vitamins or molecule derived from vitamins

A

Co-enzymes

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17
Q

Inorganic molecules (zinc, iron, copper)

A

Co-factors

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18
Q

Inhibitor binds to the same site as the substrate to block protein-substrate interaction

A

Competitive Inhibition

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19
Q

Changes enzyme shape

A

Non-competitive inhibition

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20
Q

Regulatory site outside the active site

A

Allosteric site

21
Q

Alteration of protein’s activity due to shape changes

A

Allosteric Regulation

22
Q

metabolic pathway is turned off by its end product being abundant

A

Feedback Inhibition

23
Q

metabolic pathway is turned off by its end product being abundant

A

Feedback Inhibition

24
Q

Lipids Triglyceride consists of…

A
  1. 1 glycerol
  2. 3 fatty acids
25
Functions of triglycerides
1. Long term energy storage 2. Insulation 3. Cushioning
26
What is an unsaturated fatty acid?
Fat molecules that contain a double bond (bend), can not be packed tightly together
27
What is a saturated fatty acid?
Fat the contains single bonds (flat), and can be packed tightly together
28
Phospholipids consist of…
1. 1 glycerol 2. 2 fatty acids
29
Function of a phospholipids?
Make up cell membranes
30
Lipids in which the carbon skeleton contains 4 fused rings
Steroids
31
HDL
Good cholesterol
32
LDL
Bad cholesterol
33
Functions of carbohydrates in plants….
Storage and building materials
34
Functions of charbohydrates in animals…
Storage and primary source of energy
35
Monosaccharides
Sugar monomers
36
Disaccharides
2 monosaccharides linked by dehydration reaction
37
Polysaccharides
Many monosaccharides linked by dehydration reactions
38
Dehydration Reaction
Links monomers together into polymers by removing a molecule of water (mono —> poly)
39
Hydrolysis
Breaks down a polymeric macromolecule in monomers by adding a molecule of water (poly —> mono)
40
Discreet unit of inheritance
Gene
41
Nucleotide
Nucleic acid monomer
42
Parts of a nucloetide
1. 5 - carbon sugar 2. Phosphate group 3. Nitrogenous base
43
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
44
What does RNA stands for?
Ribonucleic acid
45
What are the nitrogenous bases and what do they pair with?
Adenine (A) — Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) — Guanine (G)
46
DNA has what kind of structure?
Double Helix (anti - parred)
47
Universal energy source
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
48
Functions of ATP…
1. Bonds between phosphate groups contain potential energy 2. Breaking the bonds to release energy

BIO 131 (11 decks)

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