Topic 8 Flashcards
Asexual Reproduction
Indiviudal inherits all chromosomes from single parent
Parthenesis
Development of an adult form an unfertilized egg in animals
Sexual Reprouduction
Produces offspring by union of male and female gametes
Ploidy
Refers to the number of different copies of each chromosome present in a cell
Polyploid
State of a cell having multiple sets of chromosomes bygone the wild-type (normal) set, most likely due to errors in cell division
Plant and Fungi Life Cycle
Sporophyte (2n) —> Spore (n) —> Gametophyte (n) —> Gametes (n) —> Zygote (2n)
Animal Life Cycle
Animal (2n) —> Gametes (n) —> Zygote (2n)
Prophase l
Sister chromatids condense to chromosomes
Synapsis
Pairing of homo chromos to from tetrad
Tetrads
Fully paired homo chromos
Recombination
Mixes alleles across tetrads (crossing over)
Chiasmata
Site of DNA exchange between non sister chromatids
Metaphase l
Tetrads align on the metaphase plate
Anaphase l
Homo chromos segregate toward opposite poles (sister chromatids remain attached)
No disjunction
Created abnormal chromo numbers by a mistake in anaphase l
Telophase l and Interkinesis
- no change in chromosomes
- spindle fibres disassemble
Phases of Meiosis
- Interphase
- Meiosis l
- Meiosis ll
Phases of Meiosis l
- Interphase l
- Prophase l
- Metaphase l
- Anaphase l
- Telophase l
- Cytokinesis
Phases of Meiosis ll
- Interkinesis (Interphase ll)
- Prophase ll
- Metaphase ll
- Anaphase ll
- Telophase ll
- Cytokinesis
Interkinesis
Resting point of the cell between meiosis l and ll (also known as interphase ll)
