Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO 131 > Topic 10 > Flashcards

Topic 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Beadle + Tatum’s Experiments experiment?

A

One Gene - One Enzyme Experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does Beadle + Tatum’s Experiment prove?

A

Shows the relationship between genes and enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Phototrophs

A

Wild type (grow on a min medium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Autotrophs

A

Mutants (require supplements in the medium to compensate for genetic defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DNA three letter code

A

Triple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

RNA three letter code

A

Codon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Transcription

A

RNA polymerase reads 3’ to 5’ and makes RNA strand from 5’ to 3’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Translation

A

Each mRNA codon is translated into a corresponding amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Amino acids are held together by what bonds?

A

Peptide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is on the N-terminus end of the new amino acid chain?

A

NH2 group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is on the C-terminus end of the new amino acid chain?

A

COOH group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

RNA Polymerase runs in the _________ direction

A

5’ to 3’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Central Dogma

A

DNA —> premRNA —> mRNA —> amino acid chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

RNA replaces the base pair of ______ with ________

A

Thymine, Uracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Non- Coding DNA

A

Do not code proteins sequences, but have functions for non-coding RNA molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transcription

A

DNA directed RNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Template / Antisense Strand

A

Strand of DNA that is used to synthesize RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Coding / Sense Strand

A

Non-transcribed strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 Main Parts of a Gene

A
  1. Promoter
  2. RNA - Coding Region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Promoter

A

Control sequence for transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

RNA-Coding Region

A

Section of the gene that is copied into an RNA molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 Stages of Transcription

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stage of Transcription:
Initiation

A

Molecule assemble at the promoter and synthesis of an RNA copy of the gene begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Stage of Transcription:
Elongation

A

RNA polymerase moves along the gene extending the RNA chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Stage of Transcription: Termination
Transcription ends and the RNA transcript and the RNA polymerase are released
26
Transcription Bubble
When a small section of DNA is unwound in order to do synthesize a RNA chain
27
Pre-mRNA
Nuclear enzymes modify pre-mRNA into mRNA before it is sent to the cytoplasm for translation
28
What is put on the 5’ end mRNA
5’ Cap
29
What is put on the 5’ end mRNA
5’ Cap
30
What is put on the 3’ end mRNA
Poly (A) Tail
31
Why the 5’ Cap?
1. Protects mRNA from hydrolysis enzymes 2. Assisted ribosome attachment
32
Why the Poly (A) Tail?
1. Protects mRNA from RNA-digesting enzymes 2. Facilitates ribosome attachment 3. Directs export of mRNA from nucleus
33
Intron
Non-protein coding sequence in the pre-mRNA (MUST BE REMOVED)
34
Exons
Amino acid coding sequences in pre-mRNA
35
RNA Splicing
Introns in pre-mRNA are removed
36
Spliceosome
Small ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) that do splicing
37
Lariat Structure
Degraded / spliced off intron
38
Translation
Reading of an mRNA by a ribosome to assemble animo acids in to polypeptides
39
3 Key Molecules for Translation
1. mRNA 2. tRNA 3. rRNA (ribosomes)
40
Translation: mRNA
Info carrying molecule
41
Translation: tRNA
- Amino acids adaptor / carrier molecule - tRNA recognizes the mRNA sequence
42
Translation: Ribosome
- Amino acid linking complex - Catalyzes peptide bond formation
43
Translation: Ribosome
- Amino acid linking complex - Catalyzes peptide bond formation
44
Anticodon
Matching pair to a condon attached to tRNA
45
3 tRNA - Binding Sites
1. A (aminoacyl) Site 2. P (peptidyl) Site 3. E (exit) Site
46
A Site
Takes incoming tRNA bond
47
P Site
Takes tRNA for growing polypeptide chain
48
E Site
Releases the tRNA
49
Which end of the amino acid chain is made first?
The N-terminus end
50
3 Stages of Translation
1. Initiation 2. Elongation 3. Termination
51
Translation: Initiation
Ribosome assembled with mRNA molecule and initiator methionine - tRNA
52
Translation: Initiation
Ribosome assembled with mRNA molecule and initiator methionine - tRNA
53
Translation: Elongation
Amino acids linked to tRNA added one at a time to growing polypeptide chain
54
Translation: Termination
- New polypeptide releases from ribosome - Ribosomal subunits separate from mRNA
55
Aminoaccyl - tRNA
A tRNA link to correct amino acid for the next codon enters the A site
56
Peptidyl Transferase
Catalyses the transfer of the polypeptide form the P site on the new amino acid at the A site
57
When does Translation Termination happen?
When A site reaches a stop codon
58
Prokaryotic transcription and translation occur ___________
Simultaneously
59
Polycistronic
Prokaryotic tocial mRNA can code for many different proteins
60
Protein Degradation
Old proteins that are not needed are broken down
61
Mutations
Change in genetic material that can be transmitted to future generations
62
Point Mutation
A change in one base pair
63
Missense Mutation
Codon changed that codes for a different amino acid
64
Nonsense Mutation
A codon changed that is a premature stop condon
65
Silent Mutation
A codon changed that codes for the same amino acid
66
Frame shift Mutation
A single base pair is added or deleted (shifts entire mRNA sequence)
67
Mutagens
Chemical or physical agents that interact with DNA to cause mutation

BIO 131 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions