Topic 2 Flashcards
Cell Theory
- Cells are the fundamental unit of life
- All living things are composed of cells
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
Use microscopes to see sub-cellular structures
Microscopy
Why are cells so small?
To maximize surface area-to-volume ratio
Movement for substance (not water) from higher to lower concentration
Diffusion
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
Factors for prokaryotic cells
- Small
- NO nucleus
- NO membrane bond organelles
Factors of eukaryotic cells
- Large
- Nucleus
- Membrane bound organelles
What is a prokaryotic cells?
Make up single cell organisms
What is a eukaryotic cell?
Make up multi cellular organisms
Bilayer made of phospholipid bilayer + ended proteins
Plasma Membrane
Follows concentration gradient
(no need for energy)
Passive Transport
Against concentration gradient
(needs energy and membrane protein)
Active Transport
Endocytosis
Brings substance into the cell
Exocytosis
Expels substance from the cell
Organelles in the Nucleus
- Nuclear Membrane
- Nucleolus
Organelles in the Endomembrane System
- Rough / Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Apparatus
Energy-Converting Organelles
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
Which Organelle?
1. Contains most of cell DNA
2. Controls cell’s activities by directing RNA synthesis, which contains protein synthesis
Nucleus
Which Organelle?
1. Double membrane structure
2. Pores allow material to flow in / out
Nuclear Envelope
Which Organelle?
1. Site for assembly ribosomes
2. Consisting of RNA + proteins
Nucleolus
Which Organelle?
1. Makes lipids
2. Detoxification
3. Calcium ion storage
Smooth ER
Which Organelle?
1. Manufacture and sender of protein
Rough ER
Which Organelle?
1. Consisted of stacks of membranous sacs
2. Finish, sort, tag, and ship proteins
Golgi Apparatus
Which Organelle?
1. Site of cellular respiration
Mitochondria
