topic 8: reproduction system

Question 1

how many chromosomes do dogs have

Answer 1

39 pairs

Question 2

what is mitosis

Answer 2

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells
each having the same number and kind of
chromosomes as the parent cell (creating clones)

Question 3

what is meiosis

Answer 3

A type of cell division that results in
daughter cells each with half the
number of chromosomes of the
parent cell
* Sex cells (sperm and ovum) are
produced in this way
Ensures that the fertilized egg from
the union of sperm and ovum has
the same number of chromosomes
as parent cell (fuse tgt will have the same number of chromosomes as parent cell)

Question 4

what is male dog and male cat known as

Answer 4

male dog: male
male cat: tomcat

Question 5

what are the parts of the male reproductive tract

Answer 5

-testes
-duct system( Epididymis, vas deferen, urethra)
external genetalia: scrotum and penis
accessory glands: prostate gland (dog, cat, rat) bulbourethral gland (cats)

Question 6

describe the location of the testes

Answer 6

located outside of abdomen ( vecuase normal internal body temp is too high for sperm developement)

Question 7

describe the function of the testes

Answer 7

-sperm production
hormone production: testosterone (influeces developement of sperm and male secondary sexual characteristics)

Question 8

describe the structure of the testes

Answer 8

testicular tissue is devided into numerous conical compartments each containing a coiled mass of seminiferous tubules (where sperm is produced) and interstitial cells (secrete the male hormone testonsterone) . the seminiferous tubes eventually join to form the epididymis

Question 9

structure of epididymis

Answer 9

a highly convulated duct dorsal to testes. the tail of the epididdymis continues as the vas deferens: sperm travels from epididymis to von deferens.

Question 10

function of epididymis

Answer 10

-sperms formed in the seminiferous tubules mature during the passage into the epididymis
-they are stored within the epididymis before propelling along the vas deferen during ejaculation

Question 11

function of the vas deferen

Answer 11

carry sperm quickly from epididymis to urethra during ejaculation

Question 12

function of scrotum

Answer 12

-skin pouch that houses the testes
- helps regulate temperature of testes
-maintains testes at 3 degress celcius lower than body temperature to protect sperm viability

Question 13

explain how scrotus regulation temperature of testes

Answer 13

two muscles ( cremaster and dartos) attach the scrotum to pull the scrotum closer to the body when its colder and relax when its warm

Question 14

describe the structure of the penis

Answer 14

-consists of urethra surrounder by layers of erectile tissues, muscle and connective tissues to enable its entry into the female vagina during coitus
-embeded within the erectile tiddue close to the tip is the os penis: its function os to aid in the entry of the penis into the female tract before ejjaculation is fully complete
-penis also has a rich blood supply and many sensory nerve endings

Question 15

what is the function of the penis

Answer 15

-convey sperm and fluid from the tesis into the femal reporductive tract during mating
-convet urine from the bladder to ouside via the urethra

Question 16

list the major accessory glanf in dogs and cat reproductive system and describe their function

Answer 16

function: sperm only makes up a vert small portion of the semen, majority of semen is made up of secretion of the various accessory glands
the accessory glands produce an alkaline fluid ( electrolytes, fructose, prostaglandins) whuch protect the sperm by counteracting the acidity of the female reproductive tract
prostate gland: dog and cat (all domestic animals)
bulbourethral gland: cat only

Question 17

what is a female dog and cat known as

Answer 17

female dog: bitch
female cat: queen

Question 18

what are the parts of the female reproductive system

Answer 18

-ovary
-oviduct
-uterus
-cervix
-vagina
-vulva

Question 19

describe the structure and location of the ovaries

Answer 19

structure: within the ovarian collective tissues are many primary follicles, each that develops into a mature folicle. each mature follicle contains a small amount of fluid and an ovum
location: lies on each side of the dorsal part of the abdominal cavity, caudal to kidney

Question 20

function of ovaries

Answer 20

-produce ova
-secrete hormones: estrogen. progesterone

Question 21

structure of the oviduct

Answer 21

Small tubes extending from the tips of
the uterine horns
* Finger-like projections at the tip
known as fimbriae, which capture the
ovum released from ovaries
* Oviduct also provide a site for
fertilization
* Cilia inside the uterine tube slowly
move the fertilized ova towards the
uterus (takes 3–4 days)

Question 22

function of oviduct

Answer 22

To collect ova as they are
released from the ovaries
* To convey the ova from the
ovaries to the uterine horns
* To provide the correct
environment for the survival of
both the ova and sperm for
fertilisation

Question 23

strucuture of the uterus

Answer 23

• Y-shaped structure
• The Uterine body
  forms the base of the Y
• Uterine horns form the
  arms
  Walls of the uterus
• Endometrium: inner mucosal layer
  – secreting mucus and other substances
  – allows for implantation of a fertilized egg
• During pregnancy this layer thickens to provide
  nutrition for the embryo before implantation and to
  support the developing placenta
• Myometrium: middle layers of smooth muscle
  – produces strong contractions during parturition
• Perimetrium: outer visceral layer of peritoneum
  – suspends the uterus from the dorsal body wall

Question 24

function of the uterus

Answer 24

Provide a site where the embryos can develop
into new animal
* Provide the means whereby the developing
embryos can receive nutrition from the mother
– via the placenta.

Question 25

structure of cervix

Answer 25

A short, thick
-walled muscular
sphincter, which connects the
uterine body with the vagina
* The lumen of the cervix is known as
the cervical canal
* It is normally tightly closed, and
dilates only to allow the passage of
sperm, or foetus during parturition
* During pregnancy, the canal is
blocked by a mucous plug which
protects the embryos from infection

Question 26

function of cervix?

Question 27

strucutre of vagina and vulva

Answer 27

The Vagina is the tube that leads to the external
opening
The Vulva is external part of the female
reproductive system.
* Guarded by a pair of vertical labia.
* It is the labia that become visibly engorged with
blood when the bitch is in season.
* Lying between the labia is a knob of erectile
tissue known as the clitoris.

Question 28

function of vagina and vulva

Answer 28

Receives the penis at breeding, and
* Serve as the birth canal at birth