topic 7: urinary system Flashcards
list the main components of the urinary system
paired kidneys * paired ureters * the urinary bladder and * the urethra
where is the kidney located
- In dorsal lumbar area
- Between peritoneum and
dorsal abdominal muscles
(outside the peritoneal
cavity) - Right kidney is more cranial
than the left in most
domestic animals
tell me about the gross anatomy of the kidney
- Bean-shaped
structure in most
domestic animals - except in Cattle
(lobulated structures)
what are the different part of the kidney
Hilus: indented area in the
medial side
* At hilus, Ureters, nerves,
blood and lymph vessels
enter and leave kidney
* Renal Pelvis: funnel shaped area,
* Which forms the beginning
of the ureter
Renal cortex:outer portion of the
kidney
* Renal medulla: inner portion
around the renal
pelvis
Calyx (Calyces):cup-like structure
formed when renal
pelvis extends into
medulla pyramids
* Calyces act as
funnels to
direct/collect fluids
into renal pelvis
describe the general functions of each component of the urinary system
The kidneys produce urine by filtering the
blood
*
The urine produced will be transported via
the ureters to be stored in the bladder.
* It is finally excreted through the urethra
Basic functional unit of
kidneys
Nephron
what does the nephron consists of
- A renal corpuscle
- proximal convoluted tubule
(PCT) - loop of Henle (LOH)
- distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
what is the renal corpuscle made up of
Glomerulus (a cluster of
capillaries, tuft)
* Bowman’s capsule * Capsular space
what is the function of the renal corpuscle
- Function: filters blood in
first stage of urine
formation - Fluid filtered out of blood is
called glomerular filtrate
describe the blood supply of the kidney
- Renal artery enters
the kidney at the
Hilus
.Divides into smaller
arteries and even
smaller arterioles - Afferent glomerular arterioles
carry blood into the glomerular
capillaries of renal corpuscle - Glomerular capillaries filter some
of the plasma out of blood and put it
in the capsular space of Bowman’s
capsule - Efferent glomerular arterioles
receive blood from glomerular
capillaries - Efferent glomerular arterioles divide
further to form the peritubular capillaries
(small capillaries surrounding the
tubules), which allows following process
to happen at tubules - Oxygen supply to tubules
- Tubular reabsorption and
- Tubular secretion
Peritubular capillaries converge to form
larger veins, and finally the renal vein - The renal vein leaves the kidney at the
hilus and join the caudal vena cava
what part of the kidney is the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle and distal convoluted tubule located at
PCT: renal cortex
LOH: renal medulla
DCT: renal cortex
what are the two parts of the loop of henle
- descending from PCT
into medulla
(descending LOH) - Turning and heading
upward back into
cortex (ascending
LOH)
DCT of all the nephrons drain into what
collecting sucts
what are the three main steps of urine formation
glomerular filtration
(tubular) reabsorbtion
(tubular) secretion
describe the process of glomerular filtration
Glomerular capillaries contain many
large openings in capillary endothelium
*These openings are NOT large enough
to allow blood cells or large proteins to
pass through. substances bound to these protein are also retained (calcium, hormones)
* Blood enters the glomerulus, and due to the high pressure in the capillaries, any small molecules in plasma like water, ions (electrolytes), glucose, amino acids, drugs, and waste or toxic products such as urea are forced out of the capillaries and into the capuscular space in the of the Bowman’s capsule, forming the glomerular filtrate (primitive urine)
