Topic 3: Muscular System Flashcards
What are the three major types of muscles and what are their functions?
-skeletal muscles : produces movements in bones
-smooth muscle : produces movement in the internal organs
- cardiac muscle : pump blood around the body
What are the typical structures of skeletal muscles?
- has a centre fleshy part that tapers at each end, connects to tendon
-skeletal muscles are made up of muscle fibres
-muscle fibres are made up of hundred of thousands of myofibril
-each myofibril contain thousands of myofilaments that are made up of myosin and actin filaments
Compare and contrast the structure and function of tendons and ligaments.
Tissues: tendons made up of connective tissues and ligaments also made up of connective tissues
Connections: tendons connect muscle to bone but ligaments connect two bones together
Function: tendons work with muscles to move the bone or structure . Ligaments function is to hold bones or structures together and keep them stable
What are the energy sources for muscle contractions
Is atp produced by mitochondria
Glucose (stored in muscle cells as glycogen) and oxygen (from myoglobin) produce atp.
What are the differences among skeletal, smooth and cardiac
muscles in terms of histological structures and nerve control?
Shape: skeletal muscle, very long (up to several inches) Cylindrical-shaped
smooth muscles: Small,spindle-shaped
caridac muslce: Smaller than skeletal.
Cylindrical -shaped
Number of nucleus
skeletal muscle: Multiple nuclei (100 or more) smooth muscle: Single nucleus
sleletal muscle: Single nucleus
Striated or not
skeletal muscle:striated
smooth muscle: Non-striated
cadiac mucle: Striated, with intercalated disks
Nerve control
sleletal muscle: Voluntary control
smooth muscle: Involuntary control
cardiac ,uscle Involuntary control, come with Intrinsic rhythmicity
give examples of smooth muscles
sphincter muscles of the urinary bladder, smooth muscles in GI tract, the wall of blood vessles
Briefly describe the six muscle action terms
Flexion – the angle between the bones is reduced
* Extension – the angle between the bones is increased
* Adduction – the whole limb moves towards the midline of the
body
* Abduction – the whole limb moves away from the midline of
the body
* Protraction – the whole limb moves cranially
* Retraction – the whole limb moves caudally
How many rectus and oblique muscles are there around an
eye ball? What are the functions of rectus and oblique
muscles of the eyes?
4 rectus muscles: to turn the eye
upwards, downwards, inwards,
outwards.
* 2 oblique muscles: to rotate the eye
Clockwise/anti-clockwise
Does diaphragm only contain smooth muscle?
consists of both
voluntary controlled
skeletal muscles and
smooth muscle
For the following 4 abdominal muscles, briefly describe which
is the most superficial, or deepest, or along the linea alba?
External abdominal oblique: most superficial
* Internal abdominal oblique: intermediate muscle
* Abdominal Transversus : deepest
* Abdominal Rectus : along the middle: linea alba.
What are the functions (actions) of Ocular orbicular, masseter,
ocular orbicular: open and close eyelids
masseter: chewing , closing/opening of jaw
What are the functions (actions) of , Triceps brachii, Biceps brachii,
Brachialis,
Triceps brachii: extends the elbow joint.
* Biceps brachii: flexes the elbow joint.
* Brachialis: flexes the elbow joint
what are the functiond/ actions of Trapezius, Sternocephalic
trapezius: movement of shoulder
sternocephalic: lowers the neck and head
what is the functions of Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, and
Semimembranosus
bicep femoris and semitendinosus entends the hip and hock (ankle) joint
* flexes the stifle (knee joint)
semimembranosus: entends the hip and flrxes the stifle
