Topic 8 - Global Development And Connections EQ1

Question 1

Define development?

Answer 1

• often development means change for the better - usually concerned with economic development which leads to improvements in quality of life
• may include industrialisation, urbanisation and increasing standards of living in terms of housing, education and health

based on Eurocentric viewpoint - others may have a different view of development

Question 2

Explain what GDP measures for?

Answer 2

Gross domestic product - the monetary value of all goods and services produced by a country in a year - calculated by combining the value of all the finished goods produced, together with the value of services

Per capita - calculated by dividing GDP by population

Question 3

Explain what GNI measures for?

Answer 3

Gross national income (GNI) includes earnings from abroad

• The major strength of GNI as an economic metric is the fact that it recognizes all income that goes into a national economy, regardless of whether it is earned within the country or overseas.

Question 4

Explain what HDI measures for?

Answer 4

Human development index - composite measure (takes into account social and economic - life expectancy, years of schooling and GDP per capita)

• doesn’t take into account environmental quality, democracy, national security or inequality

Question 5

Explain what the HPI is an indicator for?

Answer 5

Happy plant index - measure of the sustainable well-being, shows the extent to which countries deliver long, happy and sustainable lives for the people who live in them

• based on life expectancy, experienced well-being and ecological footprint
• very subjective - happiness of the planet not individuals

Question 6

Outline the development within Bolivia under Evo morales?

Answer 6

• presidential republic with new constitution called the ‘law of the mother earth’ which recognised earth as a living dynamic system made up of undivided communities who are all interconnected and interdependent - new development approach put nature first
• economy was in bad state when he came to power (rampant inflation and selling off of state assets) - morales (first indigenous president) began renationalising oil and gas industries and used the revenue to fund public work projects (extreme poverty fell by 40%)

country still poorest in SA - dependent on its nature resources for economic growth

Question 7

Outline the role of Sharia law on development?

Answer 7

• law of Islam derived from interpretations of the Qur’an - governs aspects of Muslims life - sharia is seen as nurturing and freeing humanity to realise its individual potential

Idea welfare of humans is based on fulfilment of:
- necessities - 5 things (religion,life,intelect ext)
- needs and comforts - things people seek to avoid hardship and have a good life

Question 8

Outline 2 contrasting approaches that contest the traditional way of measuring economic growth for example using GDP?

Answer 8

• sharia law - shows the importance of human welfare
• Bolivia - shows importance of intervention of national government

Question 9

Why is education important for development and developing human capital?

Answer 9

• developing a need for basic hygiene and healthcare - greatly reduces infant mortality
• to educate population about their rights in the 21st century
• way to control their family size
• develops more involved and better decision making

Question 10

Explain how education differs amongst countries?

Answer 10

• children in developed countries attend primary and secondary school with many progressing to higher education (leading to highly skilled workforce)
• most children aged 7 - 14 in developing countries are working instead (UN estimates 60 million primary school and 65 million secondary school not attending education - majority girls) - working on farms/in factories

Question 11

Explain why there is a different between boys and girls access to education - give 3 points?

Answer 11

• education of girls is lower priority in rural developing countries - girls are needed for wood/water collecting and will leave the family when they marry
• cost of education and equipment (pencils ext) - families choose to focus on educating boys who are more likely to get a job so need to learn to read and write
• low status of women - means girls are seen as a source of labour and are expected to marry/have children young so family choose to send boy to school rather than girl

mainly in Arab states and Asia - girls make up 54% of worlds not school population

Question 12

Give 5 factors which prevent access to education?

Answer 12

• wealth
• gender
• ethnicity
• social class
• physical and mental disability

education still remains inaccessible to over 60 million children

Question 13

Define and explain maternal mortality?

Answer 13

Is the number of deaths of females per 100,000 live births in a year while pregnant or within 42 days of pregnancy finishing

after 42 days is important to include as it suggests the level of healthcare due to the care they receive after

Question 14

Define and explain life expectancy?

Answer 14

The average number of years a person might be expected to live based on the year of their birth

Question 15

Define and explain infant mortality?

Answer 15

The number of deaths of children under 1 year of age compared with the total number of live births in one year in an area - given as a percentage out of 1000